The
Dark and Bloody Genesis of Kentucky
Volume 1
a
historical timeline of Kentucky's Premodern Era
up to
October 16, 1793
compiled
by Johnathan Masters-Gripshover of Ghent
on
August 29,
2014
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*
The Dark and Bloody Genesis of Kentucky, Volume 1
Table of
Contents
Before 0. Page 3 – 9.
0-1400. Page 10 – 21.
The 1400s (The 15th
Century). Page 22 – 27.
The 1500s (The 16th
Century). Page 28 – 48.
The 1600s (The 17th
Century). Page 49 – 92.
The 1700s (The 18th
Century).Part 1: 1700-1763. Pages 93 – 133.
1700s. Part 2:
1763-1793. Page 134 – 174.
Click Here For PDF on Google Drive to Download the most
Up-to-Date Copy of “Kentucky Genesis, Volume 1”: (pdf for printing) https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B3XOdmdFHLkhbWVZTExYcFF3cVE/edit?usp=sharing
(pdf for online viewing) https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B3XOdmdFHLkhYTdpQ0FBTEFlYzQ/edit?usp=sharing
Coming soon! Kentucky
Genesis, Volume 2, The Modern Era (1793-2000)!;
and
Kentucky Genesis,
Volume 3, The Postmodern Era (2000-2014)!
Answers to Q # 62 – 184 for Gripshover Test: http://mastersforpresident.blogspot.com/2014/06/answers-to-gripshover-questions-62-184.html
Answers to Q #27 – 109 for Hemp Lectures Series:
Answers, and Questions, for Q# 36 – 81 for First Peoples of
Kentucky test:
In the Beginning, there was something. Or perhaps there was nothing, since you can't actually get something from nothing. How can one make a cake without any ingredients, let alone, an entire Universe? That doesn't sound right. Stuff has probably always had to exist. Shit's always been here. Albeit, not the same shit, but shit nonetheless. A long time ago, in lands oceans away, there was no electricity, no iPods, no computers, no video games, no tobacco setters, no running water, no schools, no radios, no automobiles, no tools, no televisions, no technology whatsoever, and certainly no god. Stardust gathered around, and then exploded, and then all matter and life is created. Now, we're all here today, dancing stardust, with consciousness, in this thing together, whatever it's called, to survive and thrive, to care for each other, to love, to cherish, to hold, and to liberate, by any means necessary.
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5,000,000,000 years
BP (Before Present). The Birth of the Sun. The sun forms
within a cloud of gas in a spiral arm of the Milky Way Galaxy. A
vast disk of gas and debris that swirls around this new star gives
birth to planets, moons, and asteroids . Earth is the third planet
out.
3,800,000,000 years
BP. The Earth has cooled and an atmosphere develops.
Microscopic living cells, but neither plants nor animals, begin
to evolve and flourish in earth's many volcanic environments.
700,000,000 years
BP. Primitive Animals Appear. These are mostly flatworms, jelly
fish, and algae. By 570 million years before the present, large
numbers of creatures with hard shells suddenly appear.
“Due to the
ongoing violence however, by 1776 there were fewer than 200 settlers
in Kentucky.”
300,000,000 BCE.
Brachiopod fossils are plentiful in Kentucky's subsurface,
since this land mass was completely submerged under water during
this time period.KENTUCKY!
200,000,000 years
BP. The First Mammals Appear. The first mammals evolved from a
class of reptiles that evolved mammalian traits, such as a segmented
jaw and a series of bones that make up the inner ear.
65,000,000 years BP.
Dinosaurs Become Extinct. An asteroid or comet slams into the
northern part of the Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico (where the
Mayans will eventually settle and establish themselves, and predict
the end of the world in 2012). This world-wide cataclysm brings to an
end the long age of the dinosaurs, and allows mammals to diversify
and expand their ranges.
4
million years ago (BP). First apes to walk on two
legs-Australopithecus. (Chris Harman: 2008).
1.5
million – 0.5 million years ago. Clearly human species, Homo
erectus, tools of stone, wood and bone. Early 'old Stone Age'.
600,000 years BP.
Homo Sapiens Evolve. Our earliest ancestors evolve in Africa from
a line of creatures that descended from apes.
“There's a
tribe in Africa that has a very beautiful custom. When one of the
members makes a mistake, the entire tribe surrounds him/her and for
two days, they speak of the great things that member has done. It is
their belief that humans are good at heart and that we all seek
security, love, peace and happiness. However, in this pursuit, we
sometimes make mistakes and when that happens, the tribe unites to
reconnect that member with his/her real nature. This tribe's greeting
is SAWUBONA, or I value you, I respect you, you are important to me.
And the reply is SIKHONA or so I exist for you.”
400,000–30,000
years ago. Neanderthal humans in Europe and Middle East—signs of
culture and probable use of language. (Harman, 2008).
170,000 years BP.
Supernova 1987A Explodes. A star explodes in a dwarf galaxy known
as the Large Magellanic Cloud that lies just beyond the Milky Way.
The star, known in modern times as Sanduleak 69-202, is a blue
supergiant 25 times more massive than the Sun. Such explosions
distribute all the common elements such as Oxygen, Carbon,
Nitrogen, Calcium and Iron into interstellar space where they
enrich clouds of Hydrogen and Helium that are about to form new
stars. They also create the heavier elements (such as gold,
silver, lead, and uranium) and distribute these as well. Their
remnants generate the cosmic rays which lead to mutation and
evolution in living cells. These supernovae, then, are key to the
evolution of the Universe and to life itself.
150,000
years ago. First 'modern humans' (Homo sapiens sapiens), probably
orginated in Africa. Live by foraging (in small nomadic groups
without classes, states or sexual oppression). Middle “old Stone
age”.
50,000 years ago. A
band of African humans break out of African, and they split into two
groups: 1 head East towards China, and the other, West towards
Europe.
http://www.migrationheritage.nsw.gov.au/exhibition/objectsthroughtime-history/50000-years-before-present/
The Ginger Gene also developed 50,000 years ago.
http://metro.co.uk/2013/09/19/ginger-gene-developed-when-humans-left-africa-50000-years-ago-4057215/
The mutation that caused the ‘ginger gene’, known as V60L allele,
occurred 50,000 years ago. It lightened the skin and allowed people
to get more vitamin D from weaker sunlight. However, it increased
their vulnerability to melanomas – the deadliest form of skin
cancer. The mutation remains common across Europe, even in those with
no outward signs. Because it is recessive, the gene needs to be
carried by both parents for it to cause ‘rufosity’ in a child.
30,000
years ago. Modern humans arrives in Europe. Neanderthals are
genocided.
14,000
year ago. Amerika is settled by modern humans. (Harman) 12,000
BCE or 14,014 years BP. Human beings first wander into Kentucky. The
Paleo-Indian period begins (12,000-7500 B.C.), but from Siberia,
over Bering Straights, into Alaska? Or boats from mainland Asia, and
landing in South Amerika? Mastodons, only the North American
variety had a coat of hair, which is one of the reasons it's so
often confused with the Woolly Mammoth. European and Asian mastodons
died out millions of years ago, during the Pleistocene epoch, but
Mammut americanum persisted well into the Ice Age (around 10,000
B.C.), when it was hunted to death by early human settlers, who
coveted its meat, its fur, and its five-foot-long horns—which
doubtlessly were employed as ornaments or ground up into “magical”
powders. The recovery of soft tissues, with near-intact DNA, may yet
enable the Mastodon to be “resurrected” under the
controversial scientific program known as de-extinction. No remains
of Mastodons in South America have been found. Went extinct about
11,000 years ago, during the last Ice Age. No one knows for
sure what precipitated their demise, though it was likely a
combination of climate change, increased competition for their
accustomed food sources, and (possibly) hunting by early human
settlers, who knew that a single Mastodon could feed an entire tribe
for a week! “Big Bone Lick: The radiocarbon evidence indicates
that mastodons and Clovis people overlapped in time; however,
other than one fossil with a possible cut mark and Clovis artifacts
that are physically associated with but dispersed within the
bone-bearing deposits, there is no incontrovertible evidence that
humans hunted Mammut americanum at the site.” 14,000 BP.
Paleo-Indians lived in the American Midwest, including Kentucky, even
though no skeletal remains of Paleo-Indians have ever been found
in Kentucky. Paleo-Indians were hunter-gatherer Kentucky-Indians who
hunted a wide range of animals, including the MEGAFAUNA megafauna,
which became extinct following the end of the Pleistocene age.
Scholars believe that Paleo-Indians were specialized, highly
mobile foragers who hunted late Pleistocene fauna such as BISON,
MASTODONS, CARIBOU, and MAMMATHS. 12,000 BC. Paleo-Indian Era
(Stone Age culture) the earliest human inhabitants of America who
lived in caves and were Nomadic hunters of large game including the
Great Mammoth and giant bison.KENTUCKY!
10,500BC-8,000BC. The
first Native Americans appeared in Kentucky around 10,500 B.C. They
were hunters and gatherers and lived in small nomadic groups. These
Indians hunted large game and gathered seeds and other plant food
for survival. This era lasted until 8,000 B.C. when the Archaic
Period began.
8,000BC-1,000BC. During
the Archaic Period, the Indians continued to hunt, but gathering
became more important. Toward the end of this period the Archaic
tribes began cultivating squash and started trading with other
tribes. The Archaic era lasted until 1000 B.C. when the Woodland
culture emerged.
10,000
years ago. First agricultural revolution; Domestication of plants and
animals. Neolithic ('new Stone Age'). More advanced tools, use of
pottery. Spread of village-living. First systematic war between
groups. Still no division into classes or states. (Harman, 2008).
8,000BC. Cherokee
Indians live in Kentucky's Appalachian mountains.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1JgFMoZPfAc
7,500 BC. Kentucky’s
Indian culture changed. Large game animals died out, and the Archaic
Indians (7500-1500 B.C.) now depended on fishing and efficient
gathering of wild foods as well as hunting and in which people built
basic shelters, and made stone weapons and stone tools, begins. The
white-tailed deer and the elk became the dominant game animals.
7,000
years ago. Plow begins to be used in Eurasia and Africa. Agriculture
reaches NW Europe.
'Chieftainships' among some groups, but no
classes or states. (Chris Harmon, 2008).
3,102, February
17/18 BCE. Krishna dies. “He
alone sees truly, who sees the Lord the same in every
creature... seeing the same Lord everywhere, he does not harm himself
or others.”
“The
Desbassyns brothers rose to success as Guadalupe's foremost sugar
barons.”
3000-1000BC. The
Indian Knoll Archaeological Dig (Green River, Kentucky). Late Archaic
Period. (3000-1000 B.C.) The Indian Knoll site is shaped like an
ellipse and stretches approximately 450 feet long and 220 feet wide
(approximately 2.5 acres). Indian Knoll is classified by
archaeologists as a shell midden, meaning that the site is full of
shell refuse. This shell, which was collected from the Green
River, was discarded by Late Archaic (3,000-1,000 B.C.)
hunter-gatherers who repeatedly revisited the site. In some places,
the shell deposits reach over eight feet (2.4 meters) in depth. There
is no evidence to suggest that Late Archaic people moved large
amounts of earth and shell to create the Indian Knoll midden. Rather
it represents the repeated discarding of shell, animal bone, plant
foods, wood, and artifacts. Archaeological analysis on the Indian
Knoll skeletons indicate that, on the whole, the Archaic
hunter-gatherers of the Green River Valley were relatively
healthy. Most adult teeth contained little or no enamel as a
result of eating food that contains significant quantities of grit.
This suggests that the residents of Indian Knoll ate plant
remains, such as hickory nuts, that were processed using the many
mortars and pestles found at the site. Use of these tools created
substantial amounts of grit in the food they ate, which over many
years led to the removal of the enamel. Mussels were an important
part of the Late Archaic diet at Indian Knoll. Five thousand years
ago, many different kinds of freshwater mussels lived in the shallow
shoals and riffle areas of the Green River.
The YUCHI lived on GREEN River. The Green River is a
384-mile-long (618km) tributary of the Ohio River that rises in
Lincoln County in south-central Kentucky. Tributaries of the Green
River include the Barren River, the Nolin River, the Pond River and
the Rough River. A river rising in central Kentucky and flowing about
595 km (370 mi) generally northwest to the Ohio River near
Evansville, Indiana. The river was named after Nathanael Greene, a
general of the Native American Land Thieving George
Washington-British War. There is still one Native American tribe
living on the Green River: the Southern Cherokee Nation of
Kentucky. In 1893 Governor John Y. Brown (1835–1904) recognized
the Southern Cherokee Nation as an Indian tribe. The Green River is
home to more than 150 fish species and more than 70 mussel
species.This includes some of Kentucky's largest fish, and some of
the world's rarest species of mussels. In 1971, the Green River
was mentioned in the song “Paradise” by John Prine. Mussels were
a good, predictable, protein-rich source of food. They were abundant,
easily gathered, and simple to prepare. Unlike many other foods, they
could have harvested mussels in any season. Mussels also were a
storable and portable food, once separated from their shells, and
then smoked or dried. Ethnographic studies of modern shellfishers in
other areas of the world suggest that men, women, and children all
participated in shellfishing activities. Women and children would
collect the shellfish in shallow waters at the river’s edge, while
men would often dive for shellfish in deeper waters. One piece of
evidence about this gendered division of labor is found on the
skeletons from Indian Knoll. Male skeletons frequently have a bony
growth on their ear bones that only develops from repeated exposure
to cold water, suggesting that the men dove into deep areas to
retrieve shellfish at the bottom of the river. The gathered shellfish
were prepared in several different ways including steaming,
roasting, and smoking to preserve the mussels for eating at a later
time. Shellfish were probably also eaten raw right after collection.
The leftover shells were sometimes used for creating pendants, cups,
and beads, but more often the shells were piled into large trash
piles (middens) that later became important archaeological sites,
such as Indian Knoll. One of the most interesting archaeological
finds at Indian Knoll was 23 dog burials. Archaic dogs were
medium-sized and stood about 14-18 inches tall at the shoulder.
Archaeologists think they may have been long-haired and may have
looked a little like their cousin, the wolf. Some of the dogs were
buried in their own isolated graves, while other dogs were buried
in graves with humans. Some dogs were buried with adults, while
others were buried with children. Analysis on the dog bones
indicates that the dogs ate a similar diet to humans, but we do not
know if the humans fed the dogs or if the dogs scavenged scraps. We
will probably never know everything about this prehistoric
relationship between humans and dogs, but the archaeological evidence
shows that dogs had a special place in the lives of Archaic people.
They did not treat any other animal the way they treated dogs. They
may have thought of dogs as just trainable beasts of burden that made
hunting and movement from camp to camp easier. Or, they could have
been pets, companions, and protectors. Apparently, even 5,000
years ago, dogs were “a man’s best friend.
1,500 BCE. The
People of the Woodland culture (1500 B.C.-900 A.D.) entered (or
evolved in) Kentucky. They occupied the area for about 600 years.
Efficient hunters and gatherers, the Woodland Indians also
participated in an intricate trade network to obtain such things as
copper from Lake Superior, obsidian from the Rocky
Mountains, and conch shells from the Gulf of Mexico. They
mined both Mammoth Cave and Salts Cave for gypsum and mirabilite,
a salty seasoning. The Woodland people cultivated corn,
sunflowers, giant ragweeds, and amaranth (pigweed), and they raised
squash and gourds for containers rather than as a food source.
The Woodland Indians buried their dead in conical and later
flat or oval-shaped burial mounds, which were often 10 to 20 feet
high (like Serpent Mound); this practice resulted in their being
called the Mound Builders by 19th-century observers. The remains of
two distinct Woodland groups, the Adena (early Woodland) and the
Hopewell (middle Woodland), have been found in northcentral Kentucky.
1000BCE – 1650 CE.
There was a continuous human presence in the area that became
Louisville from at least 1,000 BCE until roughly 1650 CE, and the
Beaver Wars which depopulated much of the region. Archaeologists have
identified several late and one early Archaic sites in Jefferson
County's wetlands. One of the most extensive finds was at McNeeley
Lake Cave; many others were found around the Louisville International
Airport area. People of the Adena culture and the Hopewell tradition
that followed it lived in the area, with hunting villages along Mill
Creek and a large village near what became Zorn Avenue, on bluffs
overlooking the Ohio River. Archaeologists have found 30 Jefferson
County sites associated with the Fort Ancient and Mississippian
cultures, which were active from 1,000 AD until about 1650. The
Louisville area was on the eastern border of the Mississippian
culture, in which regional chiefdoms built villages and cities with
extensive earthwork mounds. When European and English explorers and
settlers began entering Kentucky in the mid-18th century, there were
no permanent Native American settlements in the region. The country
was used as hunting grounds by Shawnees from the north and Cherokees
from the south.
563 BCE or 480 BCE.
Buddha is born in Lumbini in present-day Nepal. “Do not dwell in
the past, do not dream of the future, concentrate the mind on the
present moment.” “To keep the body in good health is a duty...
otherwise we shall not be able to keep our mind strong and clear.”
551 BC. Confucius
(551-479) is born. “Life is simple.” “Choose a job you love,
and you will never have to work a day in your life.” “Our
greatest glory is not in never falling, but in rising every time we
fall.” “Everything has beauty.”
400 BCE-600 CE. QUETZALCOATL Quetzalcoatl. /ˌkɛtsɑːlˈkoʊɑːtəl/
(Classical Nahuatl: Quetzalcohuātl [ketsaɬˈko.aːtɬ]) is a
Mesoamerican deity whose name comes from the Nahuatl language and
means "feathered serpent". The worship of a feathered
serpent is first documented in Teotihuacan in the first century BCE
or first century CE. That period lies within the Late Preclassic
to Early Classic period (400 BCE – 600 CE) of Mesoamerican
chronology, and veneration of the figure appears to have spread
throughout Mesoamerica by the Late Classic (600–900 AD).
399BC. Socrates dies.
(/ˈsɒkrətiːz/; Greek: Σωκράτης
Sōkrátēs [sɔːkrátɛːs]; 470/469 BC – 399 BC) was a
classical Greek (Athenian) philosopher, credited as the Founders of
Western Philosophy. The heart to wisdom is to admit your ignorance.
We will always know less than everything, and we can always learn new
things. He who acts like he knows it all, is a pompous asshole, who
only seeks to oppress you.
321 BCE. The Serpent
Mound in Ohio is formed. The Serpent Mound is how the Adena culture
buried their dead, near Peeples, Ohio. The Fort Ancient Culture
is neither a fort, nor is it ancient, nor a culture.
http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2014/08/07/rethinking-ohios-history-serpent-mound-older-some-its-dirt-156268
300 BCE. Euclid. (/ˈjuːklɪd/; Greek: Εὐκλείδης
Eukleidēs; fl. 300 BC), also known as Euclid of
Alexandria, was a Greek mathematician, often referred to as the
“Father of Geometry”. He was active in Alexandria during the
reign of Ptolemy I (323–283 BC). His Elements is one of the
most influential works in the history of mathematics, serving as the
main textbook for teaching mathematics (especially geometry) from the
time of its publication until the late 19th or early 20th century. In
the Elements, Euclid deduced the principles of what is now
called Euclidean geometry from a small set of axioms. Euclid
also wrote works on perspective, conic sections,spherical geometry,
number theory and rigor. “Euclid” is the anglicized version of
the Greek name Εὐκλείδης, meaning “Good Glory”.
300 BCE. Guadeloupe
was first settled by Arawak Indians from Venezuela about 300 B.C.E.,
who fished and developed agriculture on the island. Carib
Indians, also from Venezuela, pushed out most of the Arawak in the
eighth century. They also subsisted on agriculture and fishing. The
Caribs renamed the island “Karukera” or the “Island of
beautiful waters.” Guadeloupe is where Columbus first found the
Pineapple (1493).
287 BCE. The Birth of Archimedes of Syracuse (Greek: Ἀρχιμήδης;
c. 287 BC– c. 212 BC) was an Ancient Greek mathematician,
physicist, engineer, inventor, and astronomer. Although few details
of his life are known, he is regarded as one of the leading
scientists in classical antiquity.
200 BCE - 500 CE.
Modern Chillicothe was the center of the ancient Hopewell tradition,
which flourished from 200 BCE until 500 CE. This Amerindian culture
had trade routes extending to the Rocky Mountains. They built earthen
mounds for ceremonial and burial purposes throughout the Scioto and
Ohio River valleys. Later Native Americans who inhabited the area
through the time of European contact included Shawnees. Present-day
Chillicothe is the most recent of seven locations in Ohio that bore
the name, because it was applied to the main town wherever the
Chalakatha settled. CHALAKATHA!
100 BCE - 500 CE. “Fort
Ancient culture” developed independently and was descended from the
Hopewell culture (100 BCE—500 CE), also a mound builder people. The
group of cultures collectively called Mound Builders were succeeding
precontact societies in North America who constructed various styles
of complex, massive earthworks: earthen mounds for burial, elite
residential, and ceremonial purposes. These included the
Pre-Columbian cultures of the Archaic period, Woodland period
(Adena, Hopewell, Fort Ancient culture, and the Mississippian
cultures. They emerged as cultures from roughly 3000 BCE to the 16th
century CE, and lived in regions of the Great Lakes, the Ohio River
valley, and the Mississippi River valley and its tributaries,
extending into the Southeast of the present-day United States.
0. [note: supposedly
the Roman Prefect Pontius Pilate “killed” “Jesus Christ” in
Year 0, which is what our yearly calendar system is based upon,
although no evidence backs the theory that a man named “Jesus
Christ” even ever existed. Jesus is Santa Claus for Adults. The
scholarship is sorely lacking.]
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