My Day of the Dead Celebration

My Day of the Dead Celebration

November 1, 2014

For my Day of the Dead, I will connect with my ancestors, because I believe roots and wings means something. The Day of the Dead is a Mexican tradition, which makes its an American tradition, being indigenous to this continent. I would like to raise some pecan trees, which were indigenous to the Southeastern United States. I have read up on it, and it seems very doable, and perhaps, lucrative. It's a long term investment, considering it takes years for the sapling to yield results, but it gives me a forward thinking objective. By doing the Holidays for the Revolutionary Humanist, I'm getting in touch with what I believe to be valuable in life, and scientific progress and achievement is wonderful in this regard. I'm building upon what others before me have came across. Pecans got their name from the native Americans. The first successful grafting of pecan trees was done by a slave named Antoine, and that's all we know about this slave. Just that he revolutionized pecan growing because of his successful grafting. Grafting is the putting on a limb of a successful pecan tree onto a 2 or 3 year old pecan sapling, raised from a seed, in order to get it to produce pecans in more abundance. This limb will eventually become the top of the pecan tree. If I had waited for the pecan tree to produce pecans on it's own accord, it would take 100 years, and the nuts would be very small. I would never get to see them in my lifetime.

The Day of the Dead is a celebration in order to get in touch with those who walked this Earth before us. For me, and my family, I want to give myself, and them, the gift of roots and wings. To know exactly who they are, and where they come from, to give them that foundation from which to springboard off of. So far, my ancestors have failed, because I am faced with the set of predicaments that I am faced with now. The children of my ancestors are savage bastards, total assholes. Greedy violent snobby jerks. Many of the English Protestant ancestors I have are some of the most wicked people you'll ever meet. 2 faced. They may smile at you, but they don't care. They are only nice to you until they don't have to be nice to you anymore.

I am 11% African, and I am a mixture of Bohemian, Bavarian, Prussian, and Austrian. Also English Protestant. What does all of this mean? I don't really know. But like the ancients of yore, I'll just make it up, and see where that goes.

While I hope my African roots is really a story of hope and redemption, I doubt it, and therefore, I'll get in touch with my African roots in two ways. The first way is to identify with the slaves, those who were raped, and beaten. Thomas Jefferson had Sally Hemmings, and that may be how my Black ancestor was adopted into the family, or perhaps it was with the horridness of Margaret Garner, who was beaten, raped, and when she ran away with her family and children, upon capture, she sliced the throat of her youngest baby girl Mary, and tried to kill her other children, because for her, death was more preferable to slavery. With that one action, she was able to say something no abolitionist could say. Death was more preferable than to be a slave.

Margaret Garner was born in Boone County, and was enslaved to a Christian. My German roots started out as German, but because of the racism, these Germans sought to be integrated and assimilated into with the Protestant English by being racist dickholes. By being just like them. But they aren't like them, and you can tell they're different. Boone County is 95% white and the racism still persists today. The racism kills all those in it's path, including the racists themselves. The children of my German ancestors would be the slaves, out in the field, doing free labor for their parents, straight up slavery, a slavery that no Black person today has lived. Malcolm X is the only father I've ever had. He said that if a man lays his hands on you, you make sure he never lays his hands on anybody ever again. You send him to the cemetery. And that's right. That's a true man. Let no mf'er fuck with you. Malcolm X also spoke about how the Black man didn't know his language, his culture, or his history. The same is true of the children of my German ancestors. They don't know themselves, and could give a fuck less. For them, being white is a wonderful gift, but I have not seen whiteness in the same light. Ironically, the children of my German ancestors have brown skin. The most virulent racists have brown skin. This was done in order to join in with the White English Protestants. The WASPs. The brown-skinned German children would go to school, and get made fun of for being Mexican, or, god forbid, Black, and in order to make up for their lack of skin deficient pigmentation, they became extra racist, even though they knew very few Black folks, and no Black person ever did them harm.

Since I do not know my Black ancestor, and 11% Black blood in my genetics means that my Black ancestor was either my grandparents (of which I have 4 of), or great-grandparent (of which I have 8 of). Since I have no found them on the side of my German ancestors, then it perhaps is on the side of my English Protestant ancestor, which can only mean horrible things.

So for the time being, until I found out who my Black ancestor is, I'll adopt Margaret Garner was my Black ancestor, and will get in touch with her accordingly.

Margaret Garner was being raped daily, and after her trial, she eventually she dies of typhoid fever, which is different than typhoid.

Here's what the effects of typhoid fever are:

Classically, the course of untreated typhoid fever is divided into four individual stages, each lasting approximately one week. Over the course of these stages, the patient becomes exhausted and emaciated. In the first week, the temperature rises slowly, and fever fluctuations are seen with relative bradycardia (Faget sign), malaise, headache, and cough. A bloody nose (epistaxis) is seen in a quarter of cases, and abdominal pain is also possible. There is a decrease in the number of circulating white blood cells (leukopenia) with eosinopenia and relative lymphocytosis; blood cultures are positive for Salmonella typhi o paratyphi. The Widal test is negative in the first week. In the second week of the infection, the patient lies prostrate with high fever in plateau around 40°C (104°F) and bradycardia (sphygmothermic dissociation or Faget sign), classically with a dicrotic pulse wave. Delirium is frequent, often calm, but sometimes agitated. This delirium gives to typhoid the nickname of “nervous fever”. Rose spotsappear on the lower chest and abdomen in around a third of patients. There are rhonchi in lung bases. The abdomen is distended and painful in the right lower quadrant, where borborygmi can be heard. Diarrhea can occur in this stage: six to eight stools in a day, green, comparable to pea soup, with a characteristic smell. However, constipation is also frequent. The spleen and liver are enlarged (hepatosplenomegaly) and tender, and there is elevation of liver transaminases. The Widal test is strongly positive, with antiO and antiH antibodies. Blood cultures are sometimes still positive at this stage. (The major symptom of this fever is that the fever usually rises in the afternoon up to the first and second week.) In the third week of typhoid fever, a number of complications can occur: Intestinal haemorrhage due to bleeding in congested Peyer's patches; this can be very serious but is usually not fatal. Intestinal perforation in the distal ileum: this is a very serious complication and is frequently fatal. It may occur without alarming symptoms until septicaemia or diffuseperitonitis sets in.

Encephalitis. Neuropsychiatric symptoms (described as "muttering delirium" or "coma vigil"), with picking at bedclothes or imaginary objects. Metastatic abscesses, cholecystitis, endocarditis and osteitis. The fever is still very high and oscillates very little over 24 hours. Dehydration ensues, and the patient is delirious (typhoid state). One third of affected individuals develop a macular rash on the trunk. Platelet count goes down slowly and risk of bleeding rises. By the end of third week, the fever starts subsiding (defervescence). This carries on into the fourth and final week. It causes are: The bacterium that causes typhoid fever may be spread through poor hygiene habits and public sanitation conditions, and sometimes also by flying insects feeding on feces. Public education campaigns encouraging people to wash their hands after defecating and before handling food are an important component in controlling spread of the disease. According to statistics from the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the chlorination of drinking water has led to dramatic decreases in the transmission of typhoid fever in the U.S.A. While the Typhoid Fever, with appropriate treatment, the mortality rate of typhoid fever is generally under 1 percent, unless treatment isn't received. If treatment isn't received, then the mortality rate increases to between 12 and 30 percent. Of course, the mortality rate of typhoid fever will depend on other factors, including the strain of the bacteria and its sensitivity to specific antibiotics.

Though Wilbur Wright was said to have gotten Typhoid Fever

The Liberator reported on March 11, 1856, that the steamboat Henry Lewis, on which the Garners were being transported, began to sink after colliding with another boat. Margaret Garner and her baby daughter were thrown overboard during the collision. The baby drowned. It was reported that Margaret was happy that her baby had died and that she tried to drown herself. She and Robert were kept in Arkansas only a short time before being sent to Gaines' family friends in New Orleans as a household servant. The Garners then disappeared from sight. In 1870 a reporter from The Cincinnati Chronicle found Robert Garner and gathered more about his life. Robert and Margaret Garner had worked in New Orleans, and in 1857 were sold to Judge Dewitt Clinton Bonham for plantation labor at Tennessee Landing, Mississippi. Robert said Margaret had died in 1858 of typhoid fever, in an epidemic in the valley. He said that before she died, Margaret urged him to "never marry again in slavery, but to live in hope of freedom.”

The English Protestant roots is mixed and varied. Those ancestors of mine came from the Eastern Kentucky mountains, where the feuds were alive and well. The English Protestant are the ones who have done the most damage to America. I really loved my German roots (Bavarian, Austrian, and Prussian) because they didn't get to America until 1869, and they were met with resistance and race-based hatred from the English Protestants. But eventually, the German ancestors adopted the English Protestant's ways, and now they claim of being pure white.

I wanted to get into the practices and traditions of my many ethnicities and nationalities. At least, I want to pick and choose the best from them both.

My African roots has for the first step, to identify the historical realizations of what whites have done to blacks for hundreds of years, by doing something for Margaret Garner. The next step is to go to Africa itself, and figure something out for humanity's mother cradle. We're all Africans. All of humanity came from Africa. Some folks say humans broke out of Africa 200,000 years ago, though it could have been as recently as 50,000 years ago. Then migration patterns, different genetic mutations, and climate culminated into the different groups of folks we see today. Ancestry.com says the 4 main groups of folks on this Earth are: 1) African; 2) European; 3) Asian, and; 4) Native American.

My bloodlines can only claim two of those groups, though living on top of Dark and Bloody Ground, I hear the screams of the natives upon my feet wherever I walk. And those who fought back the hardest, I admire, for those who placated, were wiped out. Well, most of them at least. Some of them survived, but not most of them. I'm very in touch with my native American side, even though I have none of their blood. My Asian side, since we're all one, is lacking.

For my German roots, I'll get in touch with my Prussian, Austrian, and Bavarian bloodlines. My Prussian roots comes from a single city: Ottmarsbocholt, which changed hands of domination many times. But Grimm's Fairy Tales was written in 1812 and 1814 during this time, and Grimm's Fairy Tales serves as a better guide to understanding the world than the Bible. My Prussian ancestors, which makes up the bulk of my German bloodlines, moved to America for 3 primary reasons: 1) Poverty; 2) War (dodging the draft), and; 3) Religious freedom.

Being American makes one have to fend for themselves, and it makes one mean. I tried to out-poverty a Black man in Louisville by telling him I had to eat a “wish” sandwich, where it's just two pieces of bread, and some ketchup or other sauce, because I “wished” I had some meat. He beat me by saying that he would have to eat ketchup packets just to put something into his stomach. This being the 23^rd day at the Democratic Republic of Masters, that's how I have had to eat. Just to fill my stomach with something. On the day I threw for the greater German ancestors, I had started a fire outside, and cooked some chicken, but besides that day, I've ate just filler foods. Cereals, bread, crackers, and whatever random things I brought with me. There's still some ice in my cooler from Muldraugh, but it's waning, and eventually, I'll be dependent on what I gather now. I'm optimstic, but I have this fever that I haven't broke for nearly 3 weeks now. I need to go to the doctor. If I wait for folks to care, I'll be stuck in Haiti, being kidnapped, or robbed in Louisville 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 times over. Since nobody in America cares, I'll have to get meaner, so that even if they think that my value to them is nothing, I'll still fight back, if they want to attack.

The Prussians are the Germans of today. Hitler came out of Prussia. Otto Von Bismarck was Prussian. Germany is made up of many independent federal states. After World War 2, there was talk of destroying that nation-state forever. But it's lasted this long, and it's the powerhouse of Europe today. China, Japan, and Germany had succeeded through business and commerce, whereas America is still about domination, and control, through force. I've heard it several times, if you don't like it here, then move. If I had that choice, perhaps I would. But the struggle is real anywhere one goes, and I clean my house, not because I hate it, but because I love it.

And since I've covered all groups, I'll do something for my Asian spirit, which I know to be lacking. The US bombed Nagasaki and Hiroshima, and I just learned that Japan has a secular government. France and Scandinavia do too. So there's hope there. I'll need to find something one of the Asian nations do. There's good to be found here. Vietnam. Korea. China. Japan. Laos. Cambodia. Russia? University of Louisville's teacher training department thought me asserting that Russian History was European history was “problematic”. But they're white. They're European. They're not Asian. Mongolia is Asian. Russia is how the whites dominated that other side of the hemisphere. There's also a ton of land there, and it was the Russians who stopped Napoleon, and Hitler. Hitler isn't an aberration of Western Civilization, but a continuance of it. And civilizations, as well as Empires, have come and gone. Nothing is everlasting. Nothing is eternal. We have what we have now, and that's why I seek to build this foundation based on what I know now, because that's how it's got to be. For my kids, a better world will be theirs. I just need to find a woman who is not afraid of freedom.

For all of my souls, the souls in my blood, and the souls in my heart, I will honor their holidays, and their scientists. In the great pool of ideas, only the best ideas should prevail.

For my Bavarian side, I will learn more about them in hopes that more culture is developed. (scientists? Holidays?) I will also do so with the Serbs. (scientists? Holidays?).

For my Austrian side, I will understand more about them, and hope more will be developed. (scientists? Holidays?)

For my Bohemian side, I will learn more about them, and hope that more will be developed. (scientists? Holidays?)

For Asian side, I will celebrate their popular holidays. (scientists?)

For my African-American side, I will celebrate great African-American scientists. (Holidays?)

For my African side, I will learn my origins, of humankind, and the different variations of the Earth. (scientists? Holidays?)

For my English Protestant side, I will learn the differences between the Protestant religions.

For my native American side, I will say the names of 10 native American tribes, and 10 great native American leaders outloud, so to the Earth, they are still alive. I will also hone and refine my death song as Tecumseh instructed. (scientists? Holidays?).

For my Prussian side, I will become an expert about it's eventually destruction.

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Prussia

After the appointment of Hitler as the new chancellor, the Nazis used the absence of Franz von Papen as an opportunity to appoint Hermann Göring federal commissioner for the Prussian ministry of the interior.

Hermann Goring: Hermann Wilhelm Göring (or Goering;[a] German: [ˈɡøːʁɪŋ]); 12 January 1893 – 15 October 1946) was a German politician, military leader, and leading member of the Nazi Party (NSDAP). A veteran of World War I as an ace fighter pilot, he was a recipient of the coveted Pour le Mérite, also known as the "Blue Max". He was the last commander of Jagdgeschwader 1, the fighter wing once led by Manfred von Richthofen, dubbed the "Red Baron". A member of the NSDAP from its early days, Göring was wounded in 1923 during the failed coup known as the Beer Hall Putsch. He became addicted to morphine after being treated with the drug for his injuries. After helping Adolf Hitler take power in 1933, he became the second-most powerful man in Germany. He founded the Gestapo in 1933, and later gave command of it to Heinrich Himmler. Göring was appointed commander-in-chief of the Luftwaffe (air force) in 1935, a position he held until the final days of World War II. By 1940, he was at the peak of his power and influence; as minister in charge of the Four Year Plan, he was responsible for much of the functioning of the German economy in the build-up to World War II. Adolf Hitler promoted him to the rank of Reichsmarschall, a rank senior to all other Wehrmacht commanders, and in 1941 Hitler designated him as his successor and deputy in all his offices. Göring's standing with Hitler was greatly reduced by 1942, when the Luftwaffe failed to fulfill its commitments and the German war effort was stumbling on both fronts. Göring largely withdrew from the military and political scene and focused on the acquisition of property and artwork, much of which was confiscated from Jewish victims of the Holocaust. Informed on 22 April 1945 that Hitler intended to commit suicide, Göring sent a telegram to Hitler requesting permission to assume control of the Reich. Considering it an act of treason, Hitler removed Göring from all his positions, expelled him from the party, and ordered his arrest. After World War II, Göring was convicted of war crimes and crimes against humanity at the Nuremberg trials. He was sentenced to death by hanging, but committed suicide by ingesting cyanide the night before the sentence was to be carried out.

As part of their war aims the Western allies sought the abolition of Prussia. Stalin was initially content to retain the name, Russia having a different historical view of its neighbour and sometime former ally. In Law No. 46 of 25 February 1947 the Allied Control Council formally proclaimed the dissolution of Prussia

In the Soviet Zone of Occupation, which became East Germany in 1949, the former Prussian territories were reorganised into the states of Brandenburg and Saxony-Anhalt, with the remaining parts of the Province of Pomerania going to Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. These states were abolished in 1952 in favour of districts, but were recreated after the fall of the Eastern Bloc in 1990. In the Western Zones of occupation, which became West Germany (officially, the Federal Republic of Germany) in 1949, the former Prussian territories were divided up among North Rhine-Westphalia, Lower Saxony, Hesse, Rhineland-Palatinate and Schleswig-Holstein.Württemberg-Baden and Württemberg-Hohenzollern were later merged with Baden to create the state of Baden-Württemberg. The Saar region, which had been administered by the French as a protectorate separate from the rest of Western Germany, was admitted to the Federal Republic of Germany as a separate state in 1956 following a plebiscite.

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Bavaria.

The Bavarian Maximilian Order for Science and Art (German: Bayerischer Maximiliansorden für Wissenschaft und Kunst) was first established on 28 November 1853 by King Maximilian II. von Bayern. It is awarded to acknowledge and reward excellent and outstanding achievements in the field of science and art. From 1933 onwards (with the beginning of the Nazi regime) the order was not longer rewarded. In 1980 it was reinstated by the then Minister-President of the Free State of Bavaria Franz Josef Strauß. Since 1980 the order was awarded to 184 recipients including 24 woman.[2] The number of living members of the order shall not exceed 100.[3] In February 2013 there were 92 living members of the order. Until 1932 the order was issued 351 times. Overall the order was awarded to 535 people from 1853 to 2012. http://www.wacker.com/cms/en/wacker_group/sustainability/sustainability_news/sustainability_news_detail_50048.jsp

The Free State of Bavaria (German: Freistaat Bayern, pronounced [ˈfʁaɪʃtaːt ˈbaɪ.ɐn] ( listen), Alemannic German: Freistaat Bayre,Austro-Bavarian: Freistood Boajan/Baijaan, Main-Franconian: Freischdood Bayan) is a state of Germany, located in the southeast. With an area of 70,548 square kilometres (27,200 sq mi), it is the largest state by area, forming almost 20 percent of the total land area of Germany. Bavaria is Germany's second most populous state (after North Rhine-Westphalia), with 12.5 million inhabitants. Bavaria's capital and largest city is Munich, the third largest city in Germany. The History of Bavaria stretches from its earliest settlement and its formation as a stem duchy in the 6th century through its inclusion in the Holy Roman Empires to its status as an independent kingdom and finally as a large Bundesland (state) of the modern, re-united Federal Republic of Germany. The earliest proof for the existence of Bavaria having been established as a stem duchy dates back to the year 555. In the 17th century, the Duke of Bavaria became a Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation. The Kingdom of Bavariaexisted from 1806 to 1918, and Bavaria has since been a free state (republic). In the past Germany’s Bundesverfassungsgericht(“Federal Constitutional Court”) issued several decisions stating that the Deutsches Reich (“German Empire”) never ceased to exist despite the Nazi era’s overgrowing of existing structures of statehood by “creations” of its own (say Gaue or various party organizations), the Allied Forces’s occupation following Nazi-Germany’s military breakdown and the foundation of both the FRG(the Reich’s self-proclaimed assignee) and the GDR. In 1946 the Free State of Bavaria re-founded and re-organised itself on new, democratic foundations. Modern Bavaria also includes parts of the historical regions of Franconia, Upper Palatinate and Swabia.

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Austria.

Today, Austria is a parliamentary representative democracy comprising nine federal states.[7][13] The capital and largest city, with a population exceeding 1.7 million, is Vienna.[7][14] Austria is one of the richest countries in the world, with a nominal per capita GDP of $46,330 (2012 est.). The country has developed a high standard of living and in 2011 was ranked 19th in the world for its Human Development Index. Austria has been a member of the United Nations since 1955,[15] joined the European Union in 1995,[7] and is a founder of the OECD.[16] Austria also signed the Schengen Agreement in 1995,[17] and adopted the European currency, the euro, in 1999.

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Serbs.

The Serbs (Serbian: Срби / Srbi, pronounced [sr̩̂bi]) are a South Slavic nation and ethnic group native to the Balkans. The majority of Serbs inhabit Serbia (including the disputed territory of Kosovo), as well as Bosnia and Herzegovina (mostlyRepublika Srpska) and Montenegro, and form significant minorities in Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia and Slovenia. Likewise, Serbs are an officially recognized minority in Romania, Hungary, Albania, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. There is a large Serbian diaspora in Western Europe, particularly in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, France, and Sweden. Outside Europe, there are significant Serbian communities in the United States, Canada and Australia. The Serbs share cultural traits with the rest of Southeast Europe, and are predominantly Orthodox Christians by religion. The Serbian language is an official language in Serbia (also in the disputed Kosovo) and Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Serbian language has a historically active digraphia, using both Cyrillic and Latin alphabets.

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Bohemia.

Bohemian (/bəʊˈhiːmɪən/) refers to a resident of the former Kingdom of Bohemia, either in a narrow sense as the region of Bohemia proper or in a wider meaning as the whole country, now known as the Czech Republic. In English, the word "Bohemian" was used to denote the Czech people as well as the Czech language before the word "Czech" became prevalent. In a separate meaning derived from the French word referring to "gypsies," or Romani people, "Bohemian" may also denote "a socially unconventional person, especially one who is involved in the arts." (see Bohemianism).

The name "Bohemia" derives from the name of the Boii, a Celtic tribe who inhabited that area towards the later La Tène period. The toponym Boiohaemum, first attested byTacitus,[2] is commonly taken to mean "home of the Boii" (from the Germanic root *haima- meaning "world, home"). The word "Bohemian" has never been widely used by the local Czech population. In Czech, the region since the early Middle Ages has been called Čechy ("Czechia") but also, especially during the period of restoration/emancipation of the Czech language and nation, as Čechie. Another term, stressing the importance of the state/nation, is Království české ("Czech Kingdom") in Czech, or Böhmen (Königreich) in German. Its mainly Czech-speaking inhabitants were called Čechové (in modern Czech Češi).

In most other Western European vernaculars and in Latin (as Bohemi), the word "Bohemian" or a derivate was used. If the Czech ethnic origin was to be stressed, combinations such as "Bohemian of Bohemian language" (Čech českého jazyka), "a real Bohemian" (pravý Čech), etc. were used.

It was not until the 19th century that other European languages began to use words related to "Czechs" (as in English, Tschechen in German, Tchèques in French) in a deliberate (and successful) attempt to distinguish between ethnic Slavic-speaking Bohemians and other inhabitants of Bohemia. The latter were mostly ethnic Germans, who identified as Deutschböhmen. In many parts of Europe, state citizenship was not identical with ethnicity and language, and the various peoples were usually identified by their language. Currently, the word "Bohemians" is sometimes used when speaking about persons from Bohemia of all ethnic origins, especially before the year 1918, when the Kingdom of Bohemia ceased to exist. It is also used to distinguish between inhabitants of the western part (Bohemia proper) of Czechia, and the eastern (Moravia) or north-eastern (Silesia) parts.

The term "Bohemianism", as associated with "social unconventionality", comes from the French bohémien. This referred to Gypsy "because Romani people were thought to come from Bohemia, or because they perhaps entered the West through Bohemia".

Bohemia (Czech: Čechy;[1] German: Böhmen (help·info); Polish: Czechy; French: Bohême; Latin: Bohemia) is a historical countryof Central Europe, occupying the western two-thirds of the traditional Czech lands. It is located in the contemporary Czech Republic with its capital in Prague. In a broader meaning, it often refers to the entire Czech territory, including Moravia and Czech Silesia,[2] especially in historical contexts, such as the Kingdom of Bohemia. Bohemia was a kingdom in the Holy Roman Empire and subsequently a province in the Habsburgs’ Austrian Empire. It was bounded on the south by Upper and Lower Austria, on the west by Bavaria, on the north by Saxony and Lusatia, on the northeast by Silesia, and on the east by Moravia. From 1918 to 1939 and from 1945 to 1992 it was part of Czechoslovakia, and since 1993 it has formed much of the Czech Republic.

Bohemia has an area of 52,065 km2 (20,102 sq mi) and today is home to approximately 6 million of the Czech Republic's 10.3 million inhabitants. It is bordered by Germany to the west and northwest, Poland to the northeast, the historical region of Moraviato the east, and Austria to the south. Bohemia's borders are marked with mountain ranges such as the Bohemian Forest, the Ore Mountains, and the Krkonoše (Giant Mountains), the highest within the Sudeten mountain range

In the 2nd century BC, the Romans were competing for dominance in northern Italy, with various peoples including the Boii. The Romans defeated the Boii at the Battle of Placentia (194 BC) and the Battle of Mutina (193 BC). After this, many of the Boii retreated north across the Alps.[4]

Roman authors refer to the area they invaded as Boiohaemum, the earliest mention[4] being in Tacitus' Germania 28[5] (written at the end of the 1st century AD). The name appears to include the tribal name Boi- plus the Germanic element *haimaz "home" (whence Gothic haims, German Heim, English home). This Boiohaemum included parts of southern Bohemia as well as parts ofBavaria (whose name also seems to derive from the tribal name Boii) and Austria. The Czech name "Čechy" is derived from the name of the Slavic tribe of Czechs who settled in the area during the 6th or 7th century AD.

Bohemia, like neighbouring Bavaria, is named after the Boii society, who were a large Celtic nation known to the Romans for their invasion and settlement in northern Italy. Another part of the nation moved west with the Helvetii into southern France, which was one of the events leading to the interventions of Julius Caesar's Gaulish campaign of 58 BC. The emigration of the Helvetii and Boii left southern Germany and Bohemia a lightly inhabited "desert" into which Suebic peoples arrived, speaking Germanic languages, and became dominant over remaining Celtic groups. Both Tacitus and Strabo refer to an area as Boiohaemum named after the Boii. The second component of this name is a Germanic word, related to modern German heim, and English "home", so the term means "Boii-home". To the south, over the Danube, the Romans extended their empire, and to the southeast in Hungarian, the people living in Boiohaemum bordered uponSarmatian peoples.

In the area of modern Bohemia the Marcomanni and other Suebic groups were led by their king Marobodus, after suffering defeat to Roman forces in Germany. He took advantage of the natural defenses provided by its mountains and forests. They were able to maintain a strong alliance with neighbouring tribes including (at different times) the Lugii, Quadi, Hermunduri, Semnones, and Buri, which was sometimes partly controlled by the Roman empire, and sometimes in conflict with it, for example in the second century when they fought Marcus Aurelius.

In late classical times and the early Middle Ages, two new Suebic groupings appeared to the west of Bohemia in southern Germany, the Alemanni (in the Helvetian desert), and the Bavarians (Baiuvarii), the latter being derived from the ancient name of the Boii. Many Suebic tribes from the Bohemian region took part in such movements westwards, even settling as far away as Spain and Portugal. With them were also tribes who had pushed from the east, such as the Vandals, and Alans. Other groups pushed southwards towardsPannonia. (The last known mention of the kingdom of the Marcomanni, concerning a queen named Fritigil is in the 4th century, and she was thought to have lived in or near Pannonia. And the Suebian Langobardi, who moved over many generations from the Baltic sea, via the Elbe and Pannonia to Italy, recorded in a tribal history a time spent in "Bainaib".)

After this migration period, Bohemia was partially repopulated around the 6th century, and eventually Slavic tribes arrived from the east, and their language began to replace the older Germanic, Celtic and Sarmatian ones. These are precursors of today's Czechs, though the exact amount of Slavic immigration is a subject of debate. The Slavic influx was divided into two or three waves. The first wave came from the southeast and east, when the Germanic Lombards left Bohemia (c. 568 AD). Soon after, from the 630s to 660s, the territory was taken by Samo's tribal confederation. His death marked the end of the old "Slavonic" confederation, the second attempt to establish such a Slavonic union afterCarantania in Carinthia. Other sources (Descriptio civitatum et regionum ad septentrionalem plagam Danubii, Bavaria, 800–850) divide the population of Bohemia at this time into the Merehani, Marharaii, Beheimare (Bohemani) and Fraganeo. (The suffix -ani or -ni means "people of-"). Christianity first appeared in the early 9th century, but only became dominant much later, in the 10th or 11th century.

The 9th century was crucial for the future of Bohemia. The manorial system sharply declined, as it did in Bavaria. The influence of the central Fraganeo-Czechs grew, as a result of the important cultic centre in their territory. They were Slavic-speaking and thus contributed to the transformation of diverse neighbouring populations into a new nation named and led by them with a united slavic ethnic consciousness.

The Bohemian Society of Sciences was created from the Private Society for Mathematics, Patriotic History and Natural History, the first scientific society within the frontiers of the later Czechoslovakia. This organization was founded in 1772 and published six volumes of its proceedings before becoming the Bohemian Society of Sciences, and then later becoming the Royal Bohemian Scientific Society in 1784.[1] Its members included Masons and Illuminatis, and the Royal Bohemian Scientific Society it later established some ties with the Private Scientific and Patriotic Society of Moravia.

In the early 18th century, the institution began to become[clarification needed], partially due to its usage of both Czech and German languages, which caused it to lose some of the more radical Czech scientists while the creation of the Vienna Academy caused the loss of some of the German-speaking scientists.[3] By 1847, members of the Royal Bohemian Society of Sciences moved to the Vienna Academy, however, some of the members moved to other academies. Members moving to academies other than the Vienna Academy included: Palacký, Šafařík, Zippe, Presl and Purkyně.

After 1847 the sciences have continued to play a role in the Czech state, continuing through the creation of the Czech Academy of Sciences and Arts, which was created in 1890 through a decree issued by Emperor Franz Joseph, which existed among many other institutions.[4] During the Second World War, most scientific research was halted due to theNazi occupation, but was restarted in 1952 with the creation of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, which continues to operate today.

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Tecumseh says:

“When your time comes to die, be not like those whose hearts are filled with fear of death, so that when their time comes they weep and pray for a little more time to live their lives over again in a different way. Sing your death song, and die like a hero going home.”

“So live your life that the fear of death can never enter your heart. Trouble no one about their religion; respect others in their view, and demand that they respect yours. Love your life, perfect your life, beautify all things in your life. Seek to make your life long and its purpose in the service of your people. Prepare a noble death song for the day when you go over the great divide. Always give a word or a sign of salute when meeting or passing a friend, even a stranger, when in a lonely place. Show respect to all people and grovel to none. When you arise in the morning give thanks for the food and for the joy of living. If you see no reason for giving thanks, the fault lies only in yourself. Abuse no one and no thing, for abuse turns the wise ones to fools and robs the spirit of its vision. When it comes your time to die, be not like those whose hearts are filled with the fear of death, so that when their time comes they weep and pray for a little more time to live their lives over again in a different way. Sing your death song and die like a hero going home.” ~quoted in A Sourcebook for Earth's Community of Religions (1995) by Joel Diederik Beversluis; but also ascribed to some of the Wabasha chiefs, Sitting Bull, Crazy Horse and Wovoka, according to Ernest Thompson Seton, The Gospel of the Red Man: An Indian Bible, San Diego, The Book Tree, 2006, p. 60 (ISBN 978-1-58509-276-5)

“So live your life that the fear of death can never enter your heart. Trouble no one about their religion; respect others in their view, and demand that they respect yours. Love your life, perfect your life, beautify all things in your life. Seek to make your life long and its purpose in the service of your people. Prepare a noble death song for the day when you go over the great divide. Always give a word or a sign of salute when meeting or passing afriend, even a stranger, when in a lonely place. Show respect to all people and grovel to none. When you arise in the morning give thanks for the food and for the joy of living. If you see no reason for giving thanks, the fault lies only in yourself. Abuse no one and no thing, for abuse turns the wise ones to fools and robs the spirit of its vision. When it comes your time to die, be not like those whose hearts are filled with the fear of death, so that when their time comes they weep and pray for a little more time to live their lives over again in a different way. Sing your death song and die like a hero going home.” - Chief Tecumseh, Shawnee Nation

My Death Song

As I walk through the valley of the shadow of death...

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The survival rates of Prussians are impressive. They are like cockroaches. America still has the Prussian system of Education, and many of the world's premier inventors, engineers, and scientists come from Germany.

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Japan has many holidays, including bank holidays, where the bank closes. On November 3...

March 3. Girl's Festival (Japan). The Hina Matsuri or Doll Festival or Girl's Festival is celebrated on March 3. On this day, families with girls wish their daughters a successful and happy life. Dolls are displayed in the house together with peach blossoms. The doll festival has its origin in a Chinese custom in which bad fortune is transferred to dolls and then removed by abandoning the doll on a river. On Hina Matsuri, sweet sake is drunken and chirashi sushi is eaten.

May 4. Greenery Day (みどりの日Midori no Hi?) (Japan). The present observation of Greenery Day as a national holiday in Japan stems from the celebration of the Emperor Shōwa's birthday on April 29 every year during the Shōwa era. In 1989, following the ascension of the current Emperor Akihito to the Chrysanthemum Throne, the name of the holiday was changed from "Birthday of the Emperor" to "Greenery Day". Officially, as its name suggests, it is a day to commune with nature and to be thankful for blessings. The day was renamed to “Greenery Day” to acknowledge the controversial wartime emperor's love for plants without directly mentioning his name. However, in practice it is seen as just another day that expands the Japanese Golden Week vacation.

May 5. Children's Day, aka Boy's Festival (Japan). The Boy's Festival (Tango no Sekku) is celebrated on this day. Families pray for the health and future success of their sons by hanging up carp streamers and displaying samurai dolls, both symbolizing strength, power and success in life. The Girl's Festival is celebrated on March 3.

Oct. 8-13 (Second Monday in October). Happy Health and Sports Day! (Japan). It commemorates the opening of the 1964 Summer Olympics held in Tokyo, and exists to promote sports and an active lifestyle. As Health and Sports Day is a day to promote sports and physical and mental health, many schools and businesses choose this day to hold their annual Field Day (運動会 Undō-kai?), or sports day. This typically consists of a range of physical events ranging from more traditional track-and-field events such as the 100 meters or 4 x 100 meters relay to more uncommon events such as the tug of war and the Mock Cavalry Battle (騎馬戦Kiba-sen?). Most communities and schools across Japan celebrate Sports Day with a sports festival which is similar to a mini Olympics. These festivals include many of the traditional track and field events, such as 4 x 100m relay, 100m sprinting, and long jump, as well as many other events. Some of the events include: ball toss, tug-o-war, rugby-ball dribbling races, sack races, and so on. Another common event is often simply called the “exciting relay”, which is an obstacle course relay including any number of different challenges: Three-legged races, making a stretcher with a blanket and bamboo poles and then carrying an “injured” teammate, laundry hanging, crawling on hands and knees under a net, and doing cartwheels across a mat. Often everyone will spread out across the grounds for group stretching (this stretching routine was developed by the government and is done daily by many Japanese people; the stretching routine music is broadcast daily on the radio and TV). Then it is time to start the events. Every event has prizes for the winners, usually something useful for around the house such as boxes of tissues, laundry detergent, dish soap, hand soap, saran wrap, wax paper, cooking oil and so on. Around 12:00 noon, the events will take a pause for lunch and sometimes traditional dancing. Lunch is usually a Bentō (lunchbox), typically including rice, fish, stewed vegetables, sushi, onigiri (rice balls) and other small Japanese treats. As with the Olympics, the final event of the day is the 4 x 100m relay or 100m sprint. Following this, the point totals are tallied and the ending ceremony involves congratulatory speeches by local officials and the handing out of prizes to the top teams. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_and_Sports_Day

Nov. 3. Culture Day. Culture Day (文化の日Bunka no Hi?) is a national holiday held annually in Japan on November 3 for the purpose of promoting culture, the arts, and academic endeavor. Festivities typically include art exhibitions, parades, and award ceremonies for distinguished artists and scholars.

Revolutionary African-American Scientists

Elijah McCoy came up from slavery and made something of himself. He acquired 57 patents in his lifetime. Elijah McCoy was the son of escaped slaves from Kentucky, which means there's hope for the 2^nd generation. Elijah McCoy was born in Canada and educated in Scotland. He settled in Detroit, Michigan. McCoy invented a lubricator for steam engines (patented 1872), and established his own manufacturing company. During his lifetime he acquired 57 patents.

Garrett Augustus Morgan. Born in Kentucky, Morgan invented a gas mask (patented 1914) that was used to protect soldiers from chlorine fumes during World War I. While a German named Fritz is honored with revolutionizing Science with “the electrical fixation of atmospheric nitrogen”, which produces artificial fertilizers and ammonia, he also contributed to the deaths of millions through chemical warfare in World War 1. Albert Einstein's theories led to the creation of the atomic bomb. Garrett Morgan, a slave coming up out of Kentucky, invented a gas mask which countered Fritz's measures. Morgan's gas mask was the first patented gas mask ever.

Born the son of a French planter and a slave in New Orleans, Norbert Rillieux was educated in France. He became an expert in applied mechanics, teaching and publishing numerous papers on steam technology before returning to the United States in 1840, where he patented an evaporating pan, which improved the speed and safety at which sugar from cane and beets were refined, which he patented in 1846. Plantations in Louisiana, Mexico, and the Caribbean soon adopted its use. Rillieux's evaporation technique is still used in the sugar industry and in the manufacture of soap and other products. Norbert Rillieux was revolutionary in the sugar industry by inventing a refining process that reduced the time, cost, and safety risk involved in producing sugar from cane and beets. Rillieux designed an evaporating pan which enclosed a series of condensing coils in vacuum chambers, issued as a patent U.S. 4879 http://www.google.com/patents/US4879 http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blrillieux1.htm. The invention was later used by sugar manufacturer in Cuba and Mexico. Rillieux's system took much of the hand labor out of the refining process, it saved fuel because the juice boiled at lower temperatures, and the new technique produced a superior final product. The Rillieux device was patented in 1846 and was used widely on sugar plantations in Louisiana, Mexico, and the West Indies. The invention increased sugar production and reduced operating costs for the plantation system. "It was stated by Charles Brown, a chemist in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, that [Rillieux's invention of the sugar processing pan] was the greatest invention in the history of American Chemical Engineering." The multiple-effect evaporation system that he said addressed both the spillage that resulted from transfer and the uneven application of heat, as well as making the process safer for workers. The system utilizes a vacuum chamber or a container with reduced air to lower the boiling point of the liquids. Inside this several pans are stacked to contain the sugarcane juice. As the bottom pans heat, they release steam to transfer heat to the pans above. The heat is more easily controlled than in the Jamaican Train method, because one source is needed, at a lower temperature, for multiple pans of sugarcane juice. This prevents the sugar from being burned and discolored. As the workers do not have to transfer the liquid, sugarcane is not spilled and they are at a reduced risk for burns. Norbert Rillieux (1806-1894), widely considered to be one of the earliest chemical engineers, revolutionized sugar processing with the invention of the multiple effect evaporator under vacuum. Rillieux’s great scientific achievement was his recognition that at reduced pressure the repeated use of latent heat would result in the production of better quality sugar at lower cost. One of the great early innovations in chemical engineering, Rillieux’s invention is widely recognized as the best method for lowering the temperature of all industrial evaporation and for saving large quantities of fuel. Norbert Rillieux’s great innovation was his understanding of how latent heat could be used repeatedly in processing sugar. The result was his Multiple Effect Evaporator under Vacuum, which one expert, John Heitman in The Modernization of the Louisiana Sugar Industry, 1830-1910, called “the premier engineering achievement in nineteenth-century sugar technology.” Others have described Rillieux’s design as revolutionizing the sugar industry much as Eli Whitney’s gin revolutionized the processing of cotton. Rillieux utilized the latent heat produced from evaporating sugar cane juice by employing a series of three or four closed evaporating pans in which vapor was piped out of each pan to heat the juice in the next, with the vapors in the end going to a condenser. At the same time, pressure in the system was reduced by pumps, which created partial vacuums and lowered the boiling point of the liquid. A description of the invention’s design is given in Rillieux’s 1846 patent: “A series of vacuum pans, or partial vacuum pans, have been so combined together as to make use of the vapor of the evaporation of the juice in the first, to heat the juice in the second and the vapor from this to heat the juice in the third, which latter is in connection with a condenser, the degree of pressure in each successive one being less… The number of sirup-pans may be increased or decreased at pleasure so long as the last of the series is in conjunction with the condenser.” Rillieux’s invention allowed for the production of better quality sugar with less manpower and at reduced cost. One of the major economies was the conservation of fuel, because wood was needed to heat only the first chamber. Each successive chamber used the latent heat released by steam from the preceding chamber. But even though the Rillieux evaporator marked a significant advance in sugar technology, some antebellum Louisiana planters were reluctant to install the devices. Multiple effect evaporation under vacuum is still used in sugar production as well as in the manufacture of condensed milk, soap, glue, and many other products. The Rillieux evaporator was one of the earliest innovations in chemical engineering and remains the basis of all modern forms of industrial evaporation. It is perhaps most extraordinary that Rillieux invented his device before the Civil War, at a time when the vast majority of African Americans were enslaved. He was successful because he understood the principles of thermodynamics and latent heat and applied that knowledge to the technical needs of the sugar industry.

Benjamin Banneker has been called the first African American intellectual. Self-taught, after studying the inner workings of a friend's watch, he made one of wood that accurately kept time for more than 40 years. Benjamin Banneker was the inventor of America’s first functional clock. Banneker taught himself astronomy well enough to correctly predict a solar eclipse in 1789. From 1791 to 1802 he published the Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia Almanac and Ephemeris, which contained tide tables, future eclipses, and medicinal formulas. It is believed to be the first scientific book published by an African American. Also a surveyor and mathematician, Banneker was appointed by President George Washington to the District of Columbia Commission, which was responsible for the survey work that established the city's original boundaries. When the chairman of the committee, Pierre Charles L'Enfant, suddenly resigned and left, taking the plans with him, Banneker reproduced the plans from memory, saving valuable time. A staunch opponent of slavery, Banneker sent a copy of his first almanac to then-Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson to counter Jefferson's belief in the intellectual inferiority of blacks.

After a university in Kansas refused to admit him because he was African American, George Washington Carver attended Simpson College before transferring to Iowa State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts (now Iowa State University), from which he earned a B.S. degree in agricultural science, and an M.S. degree in 1896. Carver's fame is closely associated with Tuskegee University (then Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute), of which he became the director of agricultural research in 1896, and where he remained until his death in 1943. Carver revolutionized southern agriculture by introducing peanut, soybean, and sweet potato production to replenish nitrogen in the soil, which had been largely depleted by cotton growth. When southern farmers grew peanuts and soybeans and found a limited market for them, Carver set to work developing commercial applications for them, creating more than 300 peanut-based products, including milk, cheese, flour, ink, dyes, wood stains, soap, and cosmetics. In addition he developed 118 sweet potato-based products, including vinegar, molasses, rubber, ink, and postage stamp glue. Shortly before his death in 1940, Carver donated his entire savings to Tuskegee to found the Carver Research Foundation, for research in agriculture.

For Mother Africa

The first known hominids evolved in Africa. According to paleontology, the early hominids' skull anatomy was similar to that of the gorilla and chimpanzee, great apes that also evolved in Africa, but the hominids had adopted a bipedal locomotion and freed their hands. This gave them a crucial advantage, enabling them to live in both forested areas and on the open savanna at a time when Africa was drying up and the savanna was encroaching on forested areas. This occurred 10 to 5 million years ago.

By approximately 2.3 million years ago, primitive stone tools were first used to scavenge kills made by other predators and to harvest carrion and marrow for their bones. In hunting, Homo habilis was probably not capable of competing with large predators and was still more prey than hunter. H. habilis probably did steal eggs from nests and may have been able to catch small game and weakened larger prey (cubs and older animals). The tools were classed as Oldowan.

Around 1.8 million years ago, Homo ergaster first appeared in the fossil record in Africa. From Homo ergaster, Homo erectus evolved 1.5 million years ago. Some of the earlier representatives of this species were still fairly small-brained and used primitive stone tools, much like H. habilis. The brain later grew in size, and H. erectus eventually developed a more complex stone tool technology called the Acheulean. Possibly the first hunters, H. erectus mastered the art of making fire and was the first hominid to leave Africa, colonizing most of the Old World and perhaps later giving rise to Homo floresiensis. Although some recent writers suggest that Homo georgicus was the first and most primitive hominid ever to live outside Africa, many scientists consider H. georgicus to be an early and primitive member of the H. erectus species

The fossil record shows Homo sapiens living in southern and eastern Africa at least 100,000 and possibly 150,000 years ago. Around 40,000 years ago, the species' expansion out of Africa launched the colonization of the planet by modern human beings. By 10,000 BCE, Homo sapiens had spread to all corners of the old world. Their migration is traced by linguistic, cultural and genetic evidence.

The recorded history of early civilization arose in Egypt, and later in Nubia, the Sahel, the Maghreb and the Horn of Africa. After the desertification of the Sahara, settlement became concentrated in the Nile Valley, where numerous sacral chiefdoms appeared. The regions with the largest population pressure were in the delta region of Lower Egypt, in Upper Egypt, and also along the second and third cataracts of the Dongola reach of the Nile in Nubia. This population pressure and growth was brought about by the cultivation of southwest Asian crops, including wheat and barley, and the raising of sheep, goats, and cattle. Population growth led to competition for farm land and the need to regulate farming. Regulation was established by the formation of bureaucracies among sacral chiefdoms. The first and most powerful of the chiefdoms was Ta-Seti, founded around 3500 BCE. The idea of sacral chiefdom spread throughout upper and lower Egypt.

Ta-Seti (Land of the bow, also Ta Khentit, Borderland) was one of 42 nomoi (administrative division) in Ancient Egypt. Ta-Seti also marked the border area towards Nubia. Every nome was ruled by a nomarch (provincial governor) who answered directly to the pharaoh. Every niwt had a Het net (temple) dedicated to the chief deity and a Heqa het (nomarchs residence). The district's main deity was Horus and among others major deities were Anuket, Arensnuphis, Hathor, Isis, Khnum, Mandulis, Satetand Sobek. Today the area is part of the Aswan Governorate. The Ta-Seti people and their identity are Nubian.

Africa's history has been challenging for researchers in the field of African studies because of the scarcity of written sources in large parts of the continent. Scholarly techniques such as the recording of oral history, historical linguistics, archaeology and genetics have been crucial. From the late 15th century, Europeans and Arabs captured Africans from West, Central and Southeast Africa and kidnapped them overseas in the African slave trade. European colonization of Africa developed rapidly in the Scramble for Africa of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It is widely believed that Africa had up to 10,000 different states and autonomous groups with distinct languages and customs before it was colonized. Following struggles for independence in many parts of the continent, as well as a weakened Europe after the Second World War, decolonization took place.

Origins of White People

The REAL non-African history of Modern Man, begins when Modern man started his out of Africa (OOA) migrations from Southern Africa some 60,000 years ago. He started a process that would eventually result in Modern man populating every habitable corner of the world. That first migration saw Modern man take a coastal route through Southern Asia, down through Malaysia, and "Islanding Hopping" to Australia. All along the way, leaving behind settlements of people who would populate those areas. The evidence indicates that at least two groups (perhaps at different times) made this journey, the Australoids and the Polynesians - the skeletons of these "Australoids and Polynesians" will later be found in the Americas, where they were also the first inhabitants.

The second migration (OOA) at about 50,000 years ago, saw at least three groups of Modern Man take an "Inland" route through Southern Asia and up into Northern Asia. There one group, (that we call Mongols) eventually founded the Xia and Shang civilizations in China. Another group, (that we call Jomon), migrated to Japan. And another group, that were probably initially Albinos; (not a put-down, that is simply what the evidence indicates. Today we call these people, who because of admixture, are no longer Albinos "Caucasians'), they migrated to Central Asia. Soon after that time, the Glaciers in Europe started to melt, and "Modern man" (not Cro-Magnon, he entered later at about 35,000 ya), in the person of "Grimaldi Man" entered Europe through the Straits of Gibraltar at about 45,000 years ago. There is general consensus in the worlds scientific community that the preceding is accurate to a best "available evidence" certainty.

All the while, Modern man was also migrating northward "In" Africa. Some of these people found their way to the Nile Valley and founded the Egyptian civilization. Others kept going, and founded the Canaanite civilization in modern Israel/Palestine, the Sumerian civilization in Iraq, the Anatolian civilizations in Turkey, the Elamite civilization in Iran, (there is no certainty as to which group started the Indus Valley civilization). There is also uncertainty as to which group, (the Nile Valley people, or Grimaldi man), founded the Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations in Crete and Greece, and the Etruscan civilization in Italy.

But what about Caucasians - White people, where do they come from? From previous genetic studies, we know that the biochemical systems of Asian and White populations, appear to be more similar to each other, than they are to African populations. Thus, Asians (Mongols) and Whites (Caucasians) may have shared a common ancestry with each other, some 40,000 years ago and a common ancestry with African populations earlier - this is consistent with the (OOA). But from the study above, we know that the original Mongols were Black people. Logically then, the first Whites MUST also have been Black people - How could THAT be?

Theories have abounded for centuries; some of a religious nature, some speculating on evolution, and some speculating on Albinism. But after many years of intensive research by researchers from all over the world, no one has yet presented a creditable non-Albinism theory as to how White people may have become White people.

The Roman historian Cornelius Tacitus (56-118 A.D.) said this about them: “For my own part, I agree with those who think that the tribes of Germany are free from all taint of intermarriages with foreign nations, and that they appear as a distinct, unmixed race, like none but themselves. Hence, too, the same physical peculiarities throughout so vast a population. All have fierce blue eyes, red hair, huge frames, fit only for a sudden exertion. They are less able to bear laborious work. Heat and thirst they cannot in the least endure; to cold and hunger their climate and their soil inure them.” Does THAT sound like FARMERS?

During the time of Tacitus, Germans inhabited Caledonia (Scotland), the rest of Britain was inhabited by Blacks, they were the original settlers of Britain, and STILL BLACK! Tacitus describes them thusly: "The DARK complexion of the Silures, their usually curly hair, and the fact that Spain is the opposite shore to them, are an evidence that Iberians of a former date crossed over and occupied these parts. Those who are nearest to the Gauls are also like them, either from the permanent influence of original descent, or, because in countries which run out so far to meet each other, climate has produced similar physical qualities."

All the data and "Common Sense" clearly shows that White Europeans are the "Fixed" Albinos of the original Black Indians (Dravidians) of India, who moved further north to Central Asia, seeking solace and less Sunlight. They are primarily of the OCA-2 type Albinism, indicated by Blonde Hair, Blue Eyes, Pale - but not White Skin, the ability to "Tan" and Normal Eyesight. But Albinism is a disease - A "Defect" if you will - and Europeans seem determined not to admit that.

There is a legend in the Vedas, the most ancient religious text in the world, this legend states that forces of evil entered in the body of weak and unmoral people, making them demons and tells that once entered those people became like the color of milk, they became the representatives of evil on Earth, and when those people arrived somewhere, the nature's equilibrium in the place were destroyed and nature, environment plants, and so on perished or was in a huge disequilibrated state...

This legend also tells that those people were rejected at the time because they wanted always to hurt, kill, exterminate others, and also everyone who were not evil, so the country organized and expelled them after 100 years, because even with those people in the Earth, Good would always win... The legend tell that those people were to the west, escaping the sun and the forces for good...

Then when the equilibrium was reestablished, a Savant in the temple said if the natural people let them someday take control of the World the world would perish and it would be the fault of the people belonging to forces for good because doing ANYTHING to stop it...

And at the end of the legend chapter, it is written that those people would come back and rule India for the worst and at the same time corrupt the world and the aesthetic canon of beauty imposing their sick phenotype as "beauty" like light skin, and yellow hair that are described in the Vedas as evil's people feature because they're naturally cruel unmoral and ...

-Indian albinos LOOK EXACTLY THE SAME as white/pink people, and it is actually a disease. look http://i43.tinypic.com/2z5vv4z.jpg

-in the other hand, 8 percent of white/pink genome is composed by VIRUS (Evil forces?) this really huge compared with other people who have at the most 2 percent of virus... (blacks, asians, etc)

-The Global Warming and environmental issues are caused by white people's activity on Earth this is causing a disequilibrium of Nature.

-european languages are a disrupted and corrupted form of ancient vedic languages the "so-called indo-europea languages"

Are you just evil forces and since 1492 they're just repeating what you did first in times?

Albinism has many levels ranging from no melanin production to some melanin production. There is such a thing as partial albinism which is hypo-pigmentation, meaning very little to no pigmentation. It is important to note that white skin is not a color, it is a lack of color; a lack of pigment/melanin. This is the very definition of albinism. This is the very reason albino mice are used by western science...albinos have different needs than people of color. This multiple race concept is a primary reason for ignorance on this planet. White people come from Africa like everybody else. Race was a construct created to justify the horrors perpetrated against Africa and its peoples at its time of weakness. History has been completely altered, hidden and denied. The truth will set us ALL free. The original white person was a black person with no melanin. Blacks have the broadest genetic code on the planet, Whites have the most narrow. This is consistent with the theory of "Founders Effect".

Blacks in Africa came in ALL sizes, shapes, colors and phenotypes. Broad nose, slim nose, thick/thin lips, different cranial sizes, etc. This is evident in indigenous tribes even till this day. Blond hair is an African trait. Straight hair is an African trait. The Solomon Islanders are a good example of blond hair, and Ethiopians, Somalians, Dravidians and Austrailian aboriginies are a good example of straight hair. Albinism can cause the hair to uncoil as well... skin, and phenotype is not climactic, it is genetic.

Today, two dark black people can have a white baby that does not resemble what people traditionally associate with albinism (It happens more than you may think). Two white people cannot have anything but a white baby; this is a genetic impossibility. European Whites DNA has been traced to the Dravidians in India and other parts of Asia, whose DNA has been traced to Africa. We are all one people.

"All human beings are 99.99% the same at the DNA level and the remaining 0.1% genetic variation that exist seldom segregate in a manner that confirms to the racial boundaries constructed by social political means.”

An introduction to the history and origin of the white race originally known as the devils, a mutation and genetic deficiency state from the Negro. "albino, albinism, barbarians, caucasian, devils, leprosy, white skin, melanin, pigment, nomadic savages, europe, caucasoid, leper, white race, mutants." An introduction to the history and origin of the white race originally known as the devils, a mutation and genetic deficiency state from the so called Negro.

The Edomites

Edom or (Red) is the descendants from their Biblical Father Esau, The Nation of Edom better known as Edomites, also known as The Sons of the Wicked are first mentioned in the book of Genesis throughout and Edom is heavily mentioned in the last book of the Bible - Revelation, Many Scholars have debated but many have said Edom is to receive a Great Judgement in the Future however they don't know when it is to come. According to Dr. Cress-Welsing, white people are albino mutants, in other words, the cause of white skin is because of albinism which is a genetic defect of Black people. Leprosy is also a factor as evidenced in the Bible which speaks of leprosy turning the skin as white as snow, and in Exodus 4 verse 7 God shows Moses miracles so he can prove to the children of Israel that He sent him."

"White people, who are undoubtedly a genetic mutant albino population or the offspring of the original Black people, have appeared through a number of ways. The story of ‘Snowflake’ dramatically illustrates how it is possible for whites to come into being from blacks: Born of coal black parents, this albino gorilla named “Snowflake” has platinum blond hair, white (pink) skin, and blue eyes! (National Geographic: Mar. 67, Oct. 70). Similarly in Panama, particularly among the San Blas Indians are albino natives that also have blond hair and blue eyes! They are often indistinguishable from blond Northern Europeans! Edomites are whites that descended from an albino named Esau who was born ruddy (red) & hairy according to the Bible. (Gen. 25:25) The Bible refers to white skin as leprosy (Num. 12:10-12, Lev. 13) and reports that a race of people, (Gahazites), was born white due to being cursed! (II Kings 5:27) Bible scholars credit Japheth (a son of Noah) as fathering a (Black) people who settled in the north, ultimately becoming the Caucasian Race."

2 Kings 5:27 “Naaman's leprosy will cling to you and to your descendants forever." Then Gehazi went from Elisha's presence and his skin was leprous--it had become as white as snow.” http://biblehub.com/2_kings/5-27.htm

Genesis 25:25 “The first to come out was red, and his whole body was like a hairy garment; so they named him Esau.”

"In order to avoid confronting the true meaning of their skin whiteness as a mutation and genetic deficiency state from the Black norm, whites proclaim their origin to be Greek, but deep within the subconscious psyche of the white collective memory is an awareness of their origin amongst Blacks; that Blacks were their parents and that they were the offspring of Blacks who had suffered from the skin condition of Albinism or the leprous curse from God."

An ancient European hunter-gatherer man had dark skin and blue eyes, a new genetic analysis has revealed. The analysis of the man, who lived in modern-day Spain only about 7,000 years ago, shows light-skin genes in Europeans evolved much more recently than previously thought.

The findings, which were detailed today (Jan. 26) in the journal Nature, also hint that light skin evolved not to adjust to the lower-light conditions in Europe compared with Africa, but instead to the new diet that emerged after the agricultural revolution, said study co-author Carles Lalueza-Fox, a paleogenomics researcher at Pompeu Fabra University in Spain.

Last month the Guardian reported that a team of scientists studying early homo sapiens in Europe had extracted DNA from the tooth of a male hunter-gatherer who lived in what is now the Asturias region of northern Spain around 7000 years ago. They drew some surprising conclusions from the analysis. The man was dark-skinned but blue-eyed. His nearest DNA matches with contemporary ethnicities are with Swedes and Finns, among the palest of peoples.

Scholars had earlier argued that blue eyes had appeared as the result of a genetic mutation somewhere between 10,000 and 6000 years ago. (Before that all humans had brown eyes.) But until a few years ago most supposed that the appearance of white skin had occurred much earlier. The European gene pool with its light complexion was supposed to have decisively “split off” from the (also light-skinned) East Asian gene pool by around 50,000 years ago, after which homo sapiens first appeared in Europe, then in China.

But this timeline may need to be adjusted. It now looks like European whiteness may have appeared much more recently. Maybe there were no “white people” in Europe as recently as 7000 years ago, during the lifetime of the blue-eyed hunter-gatherer, whom the Guardian article calls “swarthy.”

The new research supports the theory that the spread of agriculture in Europe beginning (only) around 6,000 years ago favored the survival of people with a genetic mutation producing fair skin. The new grain-based diet lacked Vitamin D, vital to teeth, bone health, and to the immune system. Meanwhile humans inhabiting northern climates received less sun exposure than people in most parts of Africa. Light skin absorbs Vitamin D from the sun much more rapidly than dark skin and so becomes a real advantage from certain latitude, according to the theory.

The recent report particularly interests me, since my own DNA test, supported by family records, shows me to be of 61% Scandinavian and 3% Finnish ancestry. My mother was half-Norwegian, half-Swedish and my father’s mother half-Norwegian too. (I’m not sure where the Finnish comes in, but looking at the map and thinking about Scandinavian history it does makes sense.) My DNA probably pretty closely matches that of the blue-eyed people living around the Bay of Biscay 7000 years ago.

It’s somehow stimulating to think of distant forefathers having eyes like mine but very different skin. Also stimulating to think that my blue eyes are more deeply rooted in my genetic history than my white skin. I would have thought the opposite.

7000 years ago is of course a very long time back—over 2000 years before the construction of Stonehenge or the first Egyptian pyramids. It’s before class division, the state, written language. Agriculture was just beginning in the Nile River Valley and Yellow River Valley of China, as these proto-Scandinavians in the cultural backwater of Europe went about their hunting and gathering lifestyle. It’s millennia before historical European peoples such as the Greeks, Italians, Celts, Germans, and Slavs appeared even in the archeological record. But again, it’s much later than had been supposed.

By around 4000 BCE what is now Sweden was linked to Spain by the agrarian Funnelbeaker culture thought to have arrived from the south. This culture may have been overrun by an Indo-European language-speaking people sometime before 2000 BCE. Anyway there are indications that the inhabitants of the Scandinavian Peninsula for the most part descend from people who have been there for a long, long time. If they in turn, along with the Celts, Germans etc., descend from the blue-eyed hunter-gatherers of Asturias—still dark as of 7000 years ago—we have to rethink the origins of whiteness, do we not?

To state the obvious: Europeans (“Caucasians”) are not the only light-skinned people on the planet. My Japanese wife places her forearm next to mine and says, “See? They’re the same.” And our arms are, in fact, similar, at least color-wise. Europeans, from their first contacts with Japanese in the 1540s to at least the early 1800s, routinely described Japanese as well as Chinese as “white.” Marco Polo in the late 1200s had described the Chinese as “white.” (This category, based on mere empirical observation, gradually gave way by ca. 1800 to a category of “tawny” or “yellow”—understood to be intermediate, ranked just under white, in a racial hierarchy with white at the top and black on the bottom. This concept associated with “Social Darwinism” was a prime ideological underpinning of colonialism and slavery and remains an underpinning of racism and imperialism.)

East Asians like Europeans possess a genetic mutation that gives them light skin. Did they have theirs thousands of years before my Nordic ancestors?

I understand from my ancestry.com saliva test that I am 99% European. My geographic results are: 61% Scandinavia, 3% Finland/Northwest Russia, 13% “Great Britain” (much of which I know to be Scots-Irish), 3% Irish, 9% “Europe West,” 9% “Iberian Peninsula,” 1% “Italy/Greece” and another 1% “West Asia.” I’m not sure that the ancestors of any of these peoples in the listed regions were “white” 7000 years ago.

But maybe my wife’s ancestors were. The homo sapiens who lived in the Yellow River Valley in northern China 7000 years ago, members of this Yangshao culture just beginning to invent agriculture, are thought to have been “anatomically Chinese.” Their perhaps not-so-distant cousins in Japan, the Jomon people, in Japan from ca. 14,000 years ago, and the Yayoi people who supplied the greater proportion of the Japanese gene pool, are thought to have been light-skinned.

If these people were indeed light-skinned, they may have been the first “whites” on the planet. Far from the imagined centers of whiteness, such as the Caucasus, Scandinavia or Germany, light-skinned people in East Asia may have been proliferating—and repeatedly wandering into Europe across the vast Russian steppes. Stanford University geneticist Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza suggests that two-thirds of European genes come from Asia, one-third from Africa.

When and where did people first become white? It’s not clear. But it happened fairly recently, and not necessarily in Europe. Why does it matter? Because color-based notions of racial hierarchy continue to plague us, or at least haunt our sub-consciousnesses. They reside in the North American mind, there available to exploit whenever the regime decides it’s time to bomb another Asian or African country, bring “our” white-based civilization to the natives and depict any subsequent unpleasantness as a version of the “White Man’s Burden.” (Listen to Congressmen whine about how Afghans and Iraqis have been so little appreciative of the massive U.S. sacrifices required for their conquest!)

Understanding and demystifying the real origins of whiteness can only help us get over it.

The prestigious National Geographic Society has reported that scientists studying DNA have now confirmed that “Europeans as a people are younger than we thought.” Using the unbiased measure of genetic science they point to the same birth date for the European as did Elijah Muhammad. Prof. Alan Cooper, director of the Australian Centre for Ancient DNA at the University of Adelaide, analyzed DNA from ancient skeletons and found that the genetic makeup of modern Europe was established just 6,500 years ago.

It is Mr. Muhammad who, in the face of much mockery and ridicule, taught that the White man first appeared 6,000 years ago on the Island of Patmos (or Pelan), in the Aegean Sea, where they had been “made” by a 600-year process of selective breeding called “grafting.” Under the command of a Black scientist named Yakub, the 59,999 Blacks who came with Yakub to the island were placed under a system of mating that was based on skin color, in which only lighter-complexioned babies were allowed to survive. Over the course of many generations the population of Patmos began to grow lighter and lighter until, after 600 years, the people became very pale with blue eyes and blonde hair. From this island-based tribe of white-skinned albinos came a behaviorally aggressive race of rulers—namely, the Caucasians—who then spread into every corner of the world and who now represent 9 percent of the world population (1 in every 11 human beings).

This teaching of the birth of the White race has been central to the belief system in the Nation of Islam and it has been met with hostility and profound resistance by its critics, who have most commonly termed it “hate teaching.” The Elijah Muhammad referred to the Caucasian as “The new man” who “came from us, but he is different from us.” But that “new man” teaching contradicts a hypothesis that modern humans emerged in Europe 40,000-50,000 years ago. It has created a theological schism that has resulted in an impasse in interreligious understanding. But it is a theological impasse that secular scientists have now stepped into to overcome the controversy.

Prof. Cooper’s pinpointing of this particular birth date of 6,500 years has generated deeper questions about the genetic process leading up to this date. Dr. Cooper said: “The genetics show that something around that point caused the genetic signatures of previous populations to disappear. However, we don’t know what happened or why.” But over 80 years ago Elijah Muhammad both pinpointed the date and detailed the process by which it occurred. This latest study by Prof. Cooper fine tunes and fortifies other recent research. Dr. Keith Cheng, a geneticist of Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine led a study that shows the evolution of a gene for skin color and suggests that Europeans “lightened up quite recently, perhaps only 6,000 to 12,000 years ago.”

Dr. Hans Eiberg of the University of Copenhagen confirmed that all blue-eyed humans have a “genetic mutation” that he says occurred 6 to 10 thousand years ago. His team found a specific gene, known as the OCA2 gene, which if altered would result in human beings without melanin in their hair, eyes, or skin color—a condition known as albinism. Thus, this OCA2 gene seems to have been targeted and manipulated by some force or event around 6,000-plus years ago.

Researchers at the University of Chicago had found “where genes appear to have been reshaped by natural selection…within the last 5,000 to 15,000 years.” Incredibly, Dr. Jonathan Pritchard estimates that the point in time when the genes of the Asian and European populations were altered was 6,600 years ago—the exact date that the Hon. Elijah Muhammad taught that Mr. Yakub began his Patmos Island grafting process! The scientists say that “the selected genes, which affect skin color, hair texture and bone structure, may underlie the present-day differences in racial appearance.” But who “selected” them and why is left for speculation.

These scientists—Cooper, Eiberg, Cheng, and Pritchard—have scientifically zeroed in on a date in time that corresponds theologically to the Teachings of the Nation of Islam. But the scientists are yet unable to account for the reason for this dramatic genetic convulsion in the human family. Prof. Cooper said: “This population moves in around 4,000 to 5,000 [B.C.], but where it came from remains a mystery, as we can’t see anything like it in the areas surrounding Europe.”

The Louis Farrakhan spoke about The Messenger’s controversial teaching: “Yakub was a scientist who saw in the genetic makeup of the Black man that he could bring out of us a new people, the opposite of the original. That is not evil. That is high science.”

And it is this high science of racial grafting that has been repeated many times since Yakub’s first experiment on Patmos. The lengthy history of European colonization was examined in the 2012 Final Call article “Echoes of Mr. Yakub after Patmos,” which shows how Whites repeatedly used islands as laboratories to alter the racial features of the peoples of Africa, the Caribbean, and South America, creating mulatto sub-races that were used to rule over the African and Indian slaves. In other words, Whites never mocked Yakub’s high science—they repeatedly and successfully followed it to a T.

In fact, there are many echoes of Yakub’s work that have been chronicled by other histories, religions, and folklores, including Judaism. The ancient rabbis use the biblical account of Jacob’s grafted flocks of sheep and goat to bear witness to the teachings of Mr. Muhammad. Genesis 30:35 says that Jacob (English translation of the name Yakub) was able to produce unusually colored livestock through the use of a skillful breeding technique. Significantly, it took Jacob six years to successfully change the color of the flock. The book of Jewish traditions called the Midrash Rabbah actually uses this Bible story to explain the birth of White children to Black parents, which they see as a totally positive event—just like Yakub. Significantly, these Caucasian rabbis—who ALWAYS present themselves in their writings as superior to Blacks—use this apocryphal passage to unwittingly explain their own racial origin in terms of a breeding process.

And with the assistance of Lawrence Guthrie’s powerful little book The Making of The Whiteman, we are led to other more recent testimonials. The Baptist theologian Bernard L. Ramm explained:

By scientific breeding we can shuffle these genes with their characteristics and breed traits in or breed them out....The laws of heredity plus principles of separation or selection operating over a period of time will produce the various races of the world.

Religious leaders are not the only ones alluding to a recently created man. Scientists have also grappled with what they saw as the unusual appearance of this odd human anomaly, the White man. The Dutch anatomist Lodewijk “Louis” Bolk wrote in Origin of Racial Characteristics in Man, “White skin...started from an ancestor with a black skin, in whose offspring hair and iris color were suppressed more and more.”

The notable English naturalist Charles Darwin concluded that without some form of selective breeding, such skin color differences simply “cannot be accounted for in a satisfactory manner”:

We have thus far been baffled in all our attempts to account for the differences between the races of man; but there remains one important agency, namely, Sexual Selection, which appears to have acted as powerfully on man as on many other animals.

The English physician James Cowles Prichard likewise concluded that the physical differences between the races of man could only have resulted from a method comparable to “the process of artificial selection carried on by plant and animal breeders.” It seems, he said “probable that the fairest races of White people of Europe, are descended from…Negroes.”

American biologist Dr. Edwin Grant Conklin wrote in The Evolution of Man:

[I]t is evident that distinct races could not have been established and perpetuated except by the aid of isolation, chiefly geographical.

The ancient Egyptians worried about an immigrant-tribe of blue-eyed people among them that seemed to have a proclivity for trouble-making. They had red or blonde hair and blue eyes and lived at the edge of the desert. The Egyptians called them Tamahu—the created ones—a clear allusion to their unusual origins.

These are extraordinary testaments to The Truth taught by the Elijah Muhammad, yet none of these scientific witness-bearers have ever been labeled “haters.” They are just the latest to stand on the truths revealed by Louis Farrakhan.

Elijah Muhammad of The Nation of Islam wrote a book titled, The Father of Man-Kind. In the book he teaches that the white race was created by an evil scientist named Yakub. Yakub set out to create a group of people opposite from his own. According to the story of Yakub, the first white man appeared only about 6,000 year ago on the island of Patmos in the Aegean Sea after a 600 year breeding process called “grafting”.

Yakub’s mother and father died when he was five years old, so he was raised by his uncle. Yakub was emotionally disturbed and rebellious. He was teased in school because of his extremely large head. He was given the nickname, “the big head scientist” because he was smarter than his peers. At age six, Yakub was in his uncle’s back yard playing with two magnets. He noticed the power of attraction, “unalike attracts and like repels.” He then told his uncle, “when I get to be an older man, I’m going to make people to rule you.” his uncle replied, “Yakub, do you not know that if you make a man other than the original man who is already here on the Planet Earth, you will be making the devil himself?” Yakub replied, “Nevertheless, I know that which you know not.”

By the age of 18, Yakub graduated from the colleges and universities of his nation. 20 miles outside of present day Mecca, Saudi Arabia, Yakub began to teach his doctrine called, “Tricknology”. His Holy book was called, The Book of Tricknology of 120°. He told his followers if they follow his doctrine, they could rule the world for 6,000 years and make slaves of everyone else. Yakub’s large following and teachings began to intimate the King of his nation, so he was put in jail.

Yakub and the King made a deal while he was in jail. The deal was for the King to give him and his followers everything they needed to start their own civilization and leave their current land. Yakub and his 59,999 followers moved to the island Patmos in the Aegean Sea. There he formed his government headed with a nurse, doctor, priest and cremator.

According to the Final Call, the Nation Of Islam’s official newspaper, the blacks who came with Yakub to the island were placed under a system of laws by which mating was based on skin color and in which only lighter-complexioned babies were allowed to survive. Over the course of many generations, the population of Patmos began to grow lighter and lighter until, after 600 years of this dedicated grafting process, the people became very pale with blue eyes and blonde hair.

95% of Yakub’s followers discovered that this “grafting” process included killing people, so they lost loyalty to his mission. Yakub had intense hatred in his heart and died of a brain tumor at age 150. His remaining followers carried on his mission.

Of the 600 year process, it took 200 years to create the rubedoid “red man”, 200 years to create the citrinoid “yellow man” and the final 200 years to create the albinoid “white man”. The albinoids returned to Yacub’s childhood home, 20 miles outside of Mecca. It only took them six months to cause chaos in the lands. The albinoids were stripped of their clothing, dressed in aprons and sent to cross the hot desert and go into Europe to live.

The albinoids stayed in the Caucus mountains and caves for 2,000 years. There they became savage, moral-less shameless and psychopathic. They started to walk on their hands and knees like animals and eat raw meat. They even ate each other and their babies. The albinoids tamed the wolf to live with them in the caves. The wolf became the dog, which then became their best friend.

Moses was sent to Europe to civilize the albinoids. Once they were out of their caves, they went on a rampage throughout Earth and Yakub’s 6,000 of rule came into affect. They caused chaos and destruction wherever they went.

There's a theory on various Afrocentric forums that white people are really albino Sinhalese (Indians) and white skin was a mutation caused by inbreeding similar to the Cystic Fibrosis mutation.

Grimaldi man was a name given in the early 20th century to an Italian find of two paleolithic skeletons. When found, the skeletons were the subject of dubious scientific theories on human evolution, partly fueled by biased reconstruction of the skulls by the scientists involved. While the skeletons differ markedly from the contemporary Cro-Magnon finds from other parts of Europe, the Grimaldi find, together with various other finds of early modern humans, was classified as Cro-Magnon (in the wider sense) in the 1960s, though the term "European Early Modern Humans" is today preferred for this assemblage. No one knows why the Albinos left Central Asia; perhaps it was some natural disaster, or perhaps they had overpopulated the sparse land and now found it difficult to acquire enough food there. Whatever the cause, within the next 2,000 years (1,500 B.C. to 500 A.D.) ALL the millions of Albinos (Caucasians) would abandon Central Asia and move to India and Europe. Today the Uyghurs, a Turkic ethnic group, who live primarily in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, in the People's Republic of China, are the only Caucasians still living in Eastern and Central Asia. (Many are actually now mixed-race).

The Afar people of Africa? They are the Caucasians.

the Spaniards called them and identified them as albinos because most of them came from [Tierra de los Albinones] which Albinon was ancient British isles and where the term Albino was used to describe them.

look up what God did to Moses sister Miriam for speaking out against Moses!! Yup u guessed it God cursed her and turned he WHITE!!

the ancient name of England is? It's Albion.....ALBION! Has anybody noticed that Ireland is connected in odd ways to Africa. The Moors of north Africa trace a branch of their peoples to Ireland. The first pharaoh of the first dynasty of Egypt is believed by some Archaeologists to have been born and buried in Ireland, the ancient megalithic sites all over Ireland

Whites cannot make black babies, yet the Albino comes from Black couples.

Confirmation that the White (Caucasian) Race is derived from Dravidian Albinos, is documented in the findings from genetic analysis of Y-DNA haplogroup “R”.

Haplogroup R (Y-DNA)

In human genetics, Haplogroup R is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup, a subgroup of haplogroup P, defined by the M207 mutation.

This haplogroup is believed to have arisen around 26,800 years ago, somewhere in Central Asia or South Asia, where its ancestor Haplogroup P is most often found at polymorphic frequencies. Cambridge University geneticist Kivisild et al. (2003) suggests that southern and western Asia might be the source of this haplogroup:

Given the geographic spread and STR diversities of sister clades R1 and R2, the latter of which is restricted to India, Pakistan, Iran, and southern central Asia, it is possible that southern and western Asia were the source for R1 and R1a differentiation.

The R haplogroup is common throughout Europe and western Asia and the Indian sub-continent, and in those whose ancestry is from within these regions. It also occurs in North and Sub-Saharan Africa. The distribution is markedly different for the two major subclades R1a and R1b.

Haplogroup R1a is typical in populations of Eastern Europe, Indian Subcontinent and parts of Central Asia. R1a has a significant presence in Northern Europe, Central Europe, Altaians and Iran as well as in Siberia. R1a can be found in low frequencies in the Middle East, mostly in Indo-European speakers or their descendants.

Haplogroup R1b predominates in Western Europe. R1b can be found at high frequency in Bashkortostan (Russia). R1b can be found at low frequency in Central Asia, Middle East, South Asia as well as North Africa. There is an isolated pocket of R1b in Sub Saharan Africa. In Europe, R1b coincides with areas of Celtic influence.

The Albinos finding India not much better than Africa, at some point, decided to head further north. They found a pass through the Hindu Kush mountain range, now called the “The Khyber Pass” they passed through it, and entered the grasslands (Steppes) of Central Asia, where they settled. It seems logical to assume that over the many thousands of years that it took for these migrants to reach northern Asia, and their close proximity there, that there would have been some interbreeding between the Mongols and the Albinos; which probably allowed the Albinos to gain some fixed degree of pigmentation. Proof of this admixture, is in the fact that Whites and Mongols (Chinese), both share the same founding Y-DNA haplogroup “K”. Which seems to have evolved during their migration to northern Asia, but while they were still in Southern Asia. Haplogroup “K” is not found in Africa – of course the founding haplogroup of “K” is found in Africa. Also, as we know from everyday life, the product of Black and White mating, often has a slight Yellow hue to the complexion.

In Book 4 - MELPOMENE: Herodotus describes the Budini people, east of the Ister (Danube) River, thusly:

[4.108] The Budini are a large and powerful nation: they have all deep blue eyes, and bright red hair. There is a city in their territory, called Gelonus, which is surrounded with a lofty wall, thirty furlongs each way, built entirely of wood. All the houses in the place and all the temples are of the same material. Here are temples built in honour of the Grecian gods, and adorned after the Greek fashion with images, altars, and shrines, all in wood. There is even a festival, held every third year in honour of Bacchus, at which the natives fall into the Bacchic fury. For the fact is that the Geloni were anciently Greeks, who, being driven out of the factories along the coast, fled to the Budini and took up their abode with them. They still speak a language half Greek, half Scythian.

[4.109] The Budini, however, do not speak the same language as the Geloni, nor is their mode of life the same. They are the aboriginal people of the country, and are nomads; unlike any of the neighboring races, they eat lice. The Geloni on the contrary, are tillers of the soil, eat bread, have gardens, and both in shape and complexion are quite different from the Budini. The Greeks notwithstanding call these latter Geloni; but it is a mistake to give them the name.

The Roman historian Cornelius Tacitus (56-118 A.D.) said this about the Germanic tribes (Not the same as Germans): “All have fierce blue eyes, red hair, huge frames, fit only for a sudden exertion.

The Chinese describe the Yuezhi [Kushans] thusly: The skin of the people there is reddish white.

At her mother Yocheved's request, Miriam hid her baby brother Moses by the side of a river to evade the Pharaoh's order that newborn Hebrew boys be killed. She watched as the Pharaoh's daughter discovered the infant and decided to adopt him. Miriam then suggested that the princess take on a nurse for the child, and suggested Yocheved; as a result, Moses was raised to be familiar with his background as a Hebrew. (Exodus 2:1-10). Miriam was a prophetess who sang a brief victory song after Pharaoh's army was drowned in the Red Sea (Exodus 15:20-21).

"Sing to the Lord, for he has triumphed gloriously;

Horse and rider he has thrown into the sea."

It is considered by many that this poetic couplet is one of the oldest parts of the Biblical account. She raised a Timbrel in her hand in joy. Later, she objected to the marriage of Moses to a Cushite woman, which made her guilty of speaking Lashon hara (gossiping, or speaking negatively about someone), for which she was struck with tzaraat. After Aaron asked Moses to intercede for her, Moses uttered a five-word prayer: "O Lord, make her well," and she recovered within seven days. (Numbers 12)

Josephus in Antiquities of the Jews states that Miriam was the wife of Hur who is mentioned in Exodus as a close companion of Moses. However, in the Targum to I Chron. ii. 19, iv. 4, Miriam is said to be Hur's mother, asserting that Ephrath, the wife of Caleb, was another name for Miriam.

At Hazeroth, Miriam and Aaron speak against Moses because of the Cushite (Ethiopian) woman whom he had married: for he had married a Cushite woman. (Numbers 12:10-14). Underlying this is a questioning of Moses’ exclusive religious authority, since they consider themselves also to have been prophets. They said, 'Was it only to Moses that God spoke? Did He not speak to us as well?

God hears and calls all three to the door of the tabernacle. When they arrive, God states to them that Moses has a much greater authority than Miriam and Aaron; indeed, He chooses to speak to Moses face to face, rather than merely through dreams.

In anger, God subsequently visits a punishment on Miriam, giving her tzaraat turning her “leprous, like snow”. According to the rules concerning tzaraat, Miriam must then live outside of the camp, in isolation, only being allowed back after Moses intercedes with God to heal her. Nevertheless, God insists that she still be punished for seven days.

Tzaraat was an illness traditionally translated as "leprosy", but it may refer to something more like skin cancer or vitiligo. Jewish translations and the KJV use the phrase “white as snow” in Num 12:10, but rather than white the implication of like snow may rather be flaky or wet with open sores.

Numbers 12:10. “When the cloud lifted from above the tent, Miriam's skin was leprous --it became as white as snow. Aaron turned toward her and saw that she had a defiling skin disease.”

Vitiligo /ˌvɪtɨˈlaɪɡoʊ/ is a condition that causes depigmentation of parts of the skin. It occurs when skin pigment cells die or are unable to function. The cause of vitiligo, aside from cases of contact with certain chemicals, is unknown, but research suggests it may arise from autoimmune, genetic, oxidative stress, neural, or viral causes. The incidence worldwide is less than 1%, with some populations averaging between 2-3% and as high as 16%.

The Hebrew noun tzaraath (Hebrew צרעת [tsaˈʁaʕat], Romanized Tiberian Hebrew ṣāraʻaṯ and numerous variants of English transliteration, including tzaraas, tzaraat, tsaraas and tsaraat) describes disfigurative conditions of the skin, hair of the beard and head, clothing made of linen or wool, or stones of homes located in the land of Israel. All variations are mainly referred to in chapters 13-14 of Leviticus.

OCAZ gene.

The Afar (Afar: Qafár), also known as the Danakil, are an ethnic group in the Horn of Africa. They primarily live in the Afar Region of Ethiopia and in northern Djibouti, although some also inhabit the southern point of Eritrea. Afars speak the Afar language, which is part of the Cushitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic family.

Like Christ, ALL founders of world religions on ALL continents were BLACK and “woolly” haired, including the earliest gods.

Buddha was Black! That’s why his woolly hair is always shown in small tight curls, peppercorn style or cornrows. Early sculptures of him clearly reveal his Aficoid features ...wide nose and full lips. So was Zaha of Japan, Fu-Hsi of China, Tyr of Scandinavia, Quetzalcoatl of Mexico, Sommonacom of Siam and Isis of Egypt and Rome. Krishna of India was “blue-black,” in fact his means black, or the Black One! (See dictionary). He is always portrayed with blue or blue-black skin. Mohammed, founder of Islam was also ‘bluish’ in color with ‘frizzy’ hair. His grandfather was “black as the night.” Moses was Black according to Mohammedan tradition and early portraits. His hand would turn white, then back to his “other flesh” when God wished to give him a sign. (Ex. 4:6,7). Lao Tse of Taoism was “a divine incarnation ...born of a virgin black in complexion and as beautiful as jasper.” (Thorton: History of China Vol. 1). The chief title of Osiris, the greatest of Egyptian gods means “Lord of the Perfect Black.” He was also called “The Great Black,” similar to Krishna. The chief title of Zeus, greatest of the Greek gods was “Ethiops” which means, “burnt faced.” Early statues of gods in India have Africoid features and woolly or locked hair. The name of the Mexican god Ixtliton means “blacked faced.” In fact, many ancient Mexican gods are portrayed jet black with Africoid features.

Once banned, The World’s Sixteen Crucified Saviors, by Kersey Graves reveals remarkable knowledge on this subject, along with Anacalypis by Godfrey Higgins and African Origins of the Major World Religions by Amon Saakana, (Editors).

The ancient Egyptians called themselves Kam or Kam-Au (Black people/ Black God-people), and their country Kamit (or Khemit), both meaning land of the Blacks and the Black Land. The word Egypt is derived from the Greek word Aigyptos (or Aiguptos) that means Black! Europe’s first historian, Herodotus said, “the Egyptians, Colchians, and Ethiopians have thick lips, and broad nose, woolly hair and they are of burnt skin.” Egyptian civilization evolved from the Ethiopians. The Bible equates Ham (Africans) with Egypt. (Ps. 78:51; 105:23, 27; 106:21, 22).

Carved from a single rock, the Sphinx was a portrait of the Black Pharaoh Khafre (Cephren). The blatant, undeniable evidence of Black African achievement blew off the Africoid nose and part of the lips with cannon fire! Reporting on the “riddle” of the racial identity of the ancient Egyptians, Count C. Volney, a distinguished French scholar who visited Egypt in the late 1700's, wrote with astonishment “...when I visited the Sphinx, its appearance gave me the key to the riddle. Beholding that head typically Negro in all its features...” He later added “...the Egyptians were true Negroes of the same type as all native-born Africans.” The Sphinx’s broad nose and full lips are evident in an early drawing of the Sphinx as it was found in the 19^th century.

Moses was an Egyptian priest whose hand turned white under special circumstances. (Ex. 4:6,7) Black Samson had dreadlocks. Solomon declares, "I am black" as does Job; "My skin is black..." (Sol. 1:6, Job 30:30) Simon was a Canaanite. (Mt. 10:4) Paul is mistaken for an "Egyptian." (Acts 21:37-39).

As long as Mendel’s Law is in effect Whites can never be the first humans. This is the law of biology that asserts that White skin is recessive and Black skin is dominant, which means that two Whites cannot produce anything darker than themselves. This is why ALL those seeking the origin of human beings start and end in Africa. Recent genetic tests by researchers at the University of Chicago have proven that a major genetic alteration occurred exactly 6,600 years—exactly when Elijah Muhammad taught of the birth of the White race.

The scientists say that “the selected genes, which affect skin color, hair texture and bone structure,” were drastically affected at that very moment in time. Neanderthal DNA is far more often found in Europeans and Asians than in Africans. If Neanderthals predated ALL humans, their DNA would be MOST prevalent in Africans. But not only were they first chronologically, Blacks were also the first builders of Civilization. The black-skinned Egyptians had reached a high state of civilization long before the Neanderthal—whose offspring yet wonders how and why the pyramids were built—emerged from cave life. The White-skinned nomadic Tamahu were a strange people to the Black Egyptians. They had no apparent skill except trouble-making. Little did the Egyptians know what their contact with the Tamahu would lead to.

Sources: Wayne B. Chandler, “The Moor: Light of Europe’s Dark Age,” in The Golden Age of the Moor, ed. Ivan Van Sertima, p. 156; Ivan Van Sertima, African Presence in Early Europe, p. 149.

In The General History of Virginia, Captain John Smith wrote that when famine struck his new colony in Virginia in 1623 that the English settlers dug up “a savage we slew and buried … and ate him.”

Another, wrote Captain Smith, was “boiled and stewed with herbs.” And another White Virginian “did kill his wife, powdered her and had eaten part of her.” And “many fed on corpses.” These White Europeans—the early pioneers of America—were feeding on Indians and each other! Themes of cannibalism have made it into European fairy tales Hansel and Gretel, Jack and the Beanstalk, and Snow White. Accusations of cannibalism were often used by Whites as justifications for the subjugation or destruction of “savages” whose land or labor they wanted to steal. Evidence of cannibalism is found in all places on earth but the place where it is most rare—Africa.

Sources: Alden T. Vaughan, American Genesis: Captain John Smith and the Founding of Virginia (1975); Gary B. Nash, “Image of the Indian in the Southern Colonial Mind,” William and Mary Quarterly 29, no. 2 (Apr. 1972); Edmund Sears Morgan, American Slavery, American Freedom: The Ordeal of Colonial Virginia (1975); Alden T. Vaughan, “Expulsion of the Salvages [sic],” William and Mary Quarterly 35, no. 1 (Jan. 1978).

Before Christopher Columbus was commissioned to sail the ocean blue, he was sailing the ocean BLACK. That is, he was sailing the coast of Africa in the slave trade. One person who talked to Columbus said that he sounded like “a practiced slave dealer.” It is in Africa where he probably learned about the “New World” and how the ocean currents might get him there. Africans had long traded amicably with the Indigenous peoples of America. Columbus himself found evidence during his voyages that he was not the first to “discover” anything.

Columbus was told by the peoples of Espanola (Haiti) of Black men who had appeared on the island before him and they showed him the lances that they had left there. The tips of the lances were of a metal—an alloy of gold—that was prevalent in African Guinea. Columbus visited Trinidad, where the sailors noticed the colorful symmetrically patterned cotton handkerchiefs of the indigenous Indian cultures, which the Native peoples called almayzar. They were all much the same in color, style, and use as the headscarves and waistbands used in Guinea.

The 17 Olmec colossal heads of Mexico are massive sculptures crafted from large basalt boulders. The heads date from at least before 900 BC and are a distinctive feature of the Olmec civilization. All portray men with wide African noses and full African lips in apparent honor of those travelers that had visited them. In actuality, Columbus is a latecomer to the “discovery” game. His voyages were only notable for the total destruction he unleashed upon the Indigenous peoples of Africa and America.

Sources: Ivan Van Sertima, They Came Before Columbus: The African Presence in Ancient America (1976; 2003); Nation of Islam, The Secret Relationship Between Blacks and Jews, Volume 1 (1991).

Albion (Ancient Greek: Ἀλβίων) is the oldest known name of the island of Great Britain. Today, it is still sometimes used poetically to refer to the island. The name for Scotland in the Celtic languages is related to Albion: Alba in Scottish. Gaelic, Albain in Irish, Nalbin in Manx and Alban in Welsh, Cornish and Breton. These names were later Latinised as Albania and Anglicised as Albany, which were once alternative names for Scotland. New Albion and Albionoria ("Albion of the North") were briefly suggested as possible names of Canada during the period of the Canadian Confederation.

The Brittonic name for the island, Latinized as Albiō and Hellenized as Ἀλβίων, derives from the Proto-Celtic nasal stem *Albi̯iū (oblique *Albiion-) and survived in Old Irish as Albu, genitive Albann, originally referring to Britain as a whole, but later restricted to northern Britain/Scotland (giving the modern Scottish Gaelic name for Scotland, Alba). The root, *albiio- also found in Gaulish and Galatian albio- "world" and Welsh elfydd (Old Welsh elbid) "earth, world, land, country, district", and may be related to other European and Mediterranean toponyms such as Alpes and Albania. It has two possible etymologies: either *albho-, a Proto-Indo-European root meaning "white" (perhaps in reference to the white southern shores of the island, though Celtic linguist Xavier Delamarre argued that it originally meant "the world above, the visible world", in opposition to "the world below", i.e., the underworld in Celtic religion), or *alb-, Proto-Indo-European for "hill".

Ancient time, there was a disease called Albinism which spread 1/4th of the population of the world.

Albinism have turned many black skin into White. This was a fatal disease like skin cancer. They were then chased by the non-albibo civilians. The Albino were chased to Western world. The generation were born with Albinism. Anyway, when times passes, they introduce there own races & built empires.
Some got their black hair due to mixing of Aryans of India or Mongolians or the Negro. Centuries gone, and those Albino white race Hitler now says he is Aryan. fak Hitler. He is not Aryan. He is Albino disease carrier. All the white people carry Albino disease in their body. They should originally be black negros or some other dravidian race. They became fully white due to Albinism. The Aryans are the sinhalese who are the first noble race in this world. We sinhalese are the Masters of the whites (Albino), and other race.

The book of Revelation explicitly states that it was written while John was on the island of Patmos. This is the only book in the New Testament where the place of writing is given. According to a tradition preserved by Irenaeus, Eusebius, and Jerome, John was exiled in AD 95 during the reign of Emperor Domitian. His exile ended upon the accession of Nerva in 96.

John of Patmos (also called John the Revelator, John the Divine, or John the Theologian) is the name given to the author of the Book of Revelation, the apocalyptic text forming the final chapter of the New Testament. The text of Revelation states that the author is called John and that he lives on the Greek island of Patmos, where by some, he is considered to be in exile as a result of anti-Christian persecution under the Roman emperor Domitian. Traditionally, the writer of Revelation was widely considered to be John the Apostle, who was also seen as author of the Gospel of John. However, others identified the author as John the Elder and many modern scholars believe it was was written by an otherwise unknown author, to whom they have given the name John of Patmos.

Early tradition says that John was banished to Patmos by the Roman authorities. This tradition is credible because banishment was a common punishment used during the Imperial period for a number of offenses. Among such offenses were the practices of magic and astrology. Prophecy was viewed by the Romans as belonging to the same category, whether Pagan, Jewish, or Christian. Prophecy with political implications, like that expressed by John in the book of Revelation, would have been perceived as a threat to Roman political power and order. Three of the islands in the Sporades were places where political offenders were banished. (Pliny Natural History 4.69–70; Tacitus Annals 4.30

I, John, your brother and companion in the suffering and kingdom and patient endurance that are ours in Jesus, was on the island of Patmos because of the word of God and the testimony of Jesus.

Though he was a Black man, Yakub embittered towards God now, decided, to create upon the Earth a bleached out, white race of people.

From his studies, the scientist knew that Black men contained two germs, black and brown. He knew that the brown germ stayed dormant as, being the lighter of the two germs, it was weaker. Yakub, to upset the laws of nature, conceive (sic) the idea of employing what we today know as recessive genes structure, to separate from each other the two germs, black and brown, and then grafting the brown germ to progressively lighter, weaker stages.

The humans resulting, he knew, would be, as they became lighter and weaker, progressively also more susceptible to wickedness. And in this way, finally he would achieve the intended bleached out white race.

Upon arrival to the Island of Patmos, (Mr. Yakub verifies that he was there in Rev. 1:19) or Pelan, located in the Aegean Sea, he started his government, or staff, headed by a doctor, a priest, a nurse and a cremator (as shown in Exodus 1:15 - the nurse). Exodus 1:9-10 shows Yakub talking to his other staff members; and wonder can we recall when the Pharaoh of this day said the same thing about us, the tribe of Shabazz. Remember “Hitler” Herbert Hoover when he was in office?

Forbes in a 2009 research has named Patmos as Europe's Most Idyllic Place to live, due to the fact that "Patmos has evolved over the centuries but has not lost its air of quiet tranquility, which is one reason why people that know it return again and again."

The current mayor of Patmos is Grigoris Kamposos.

Pale skin genes came later and are a separate factor from those that result in blue eyes, despite its being generally considered they come together.

The scientists found the genetic mutation which is only capable of producing blue eyes was present in La Braña 1, but that in terms of his skin, he had 'African variants' which gave him a dark complexion, reveals Lalueza-Fox.

It had always been hitherto assumed that the pale skin pigmentation gene dated back much further, to the high Palaeolithic era which ended over 10,000 years ago.

As well as eye colour and complexion, the Danish and Spanish research team found out about lifestyle changes and their impact on health in prehistoric man thanks to their analysis of the men's remains.

The Mesolithic era, which started between 7,000 and 12,000 years ago and came after the Palaeolithic period, ended when arable and livestock farming began, which changed man's nutrition and exercise régime.

This new era, the Neolithic, saw an end to the hunter-gatherer lifestyle and gave way to a more sedentary form of existence.

Diet also changed from almost entirely protein-based – from hunting animals – to one based upon plant cultivation and the introduction of carbohydrates.

This, and the domestication of animals and closer contact with them led to humans contracting virulent illnesses previously only found in animals – such as influenza.

The CSIC researchers say La Braña 1's genome is that of the hunter-gatherer prior to the Neolithic era.

Their next plan is to attempt to recover the complete genome for La Braña 2, as the other man has been named, although his DNA is not thought to be as well conserved.

The La Braña-Arintero dig was discovered by accident in 2006 and excavated by archaeologist Julio Manuel Vidal Encinas.

It is based inside a cave, in a mountainous area with a very cold climate and stable temperature, some 1,500 metres below sea-level.

As a result of the constant chill, the DNA of the two prehistoric men has literally been 'frozen' in time and is nearly intact, say researchers.

“All truth passes through three stages: first, it is ridiculed. Second, it is violently opposed. Third, it is accepted as self-evident.”

—Arthur Schopenhauer

DNA taken from the wisdom tooth of a European hunter-gatherer has given scientists an unprecedented glimpse of modern humans before the rise of farming. The Mesolithic man, who lived in Spain around 7,000 years ago, had an unusual mix of blue eyes, black or brown hair, and dark skin, according to analyses of his genetic make-up.

He was probably lactose intolerant and had more difficulty digesting starchy foods than the farmers who transformed diets and lifestyles when they took up tools in the first agricultural revolution.

The invention of farming brought humans and animals into much closer contact, and humans likely evolved more robust immune systems to fend off infections that the animals passed on. But scientists may have over-estimated the impact farming had in shaping the human immune system, because tests on the hunter-gatherer's DNA found that he already carried mutations that boost the immune system to tackle various nasty bugs. Some live on in modern Europeans today.

Carbon dating put the remains at around 7,000 years old, before farming had swept into Europe from the Middle East. The timing fitted with ancient artefacts found at the site, including perforated reindeer teeth that were strung and hung from the people's clothing.

The scientists focused their efforts on the better preserved of the two skeletons. After several failed attempts, they managed to reconstruct the man's entire genome from DNA found in the root of a third molar. It is the first time researchers have obtained the complete genome of a modern European who lived before the Neolithic revolution.

The DNA threw up a series of surprises. When Lalueza-Fox looked at the genome, he found that rather than having light skin, the man had gene variants that tend to produce much darker skin. "This guy had to be darker than any modern European, but we don't know how dark," the scientist said.

Another surprise finding was that the man had blue eyes. That was unexpected, said Lalueza-Fox, because the mutation for blue eyes was thought to have arisen more recently than the mutations that cause lighter skin colour. The results suggest that blue eye colour came first in Europe, with the transition to lighter skin ongoing through Mesolithic times.

On top of the scientific impact, artists might have to rethink their drawings of the people. "You see a lot of reconstructions of these people hunting and gathering and they look like modern Europeans with light skin. You never see a reconstruction of a mesolithic hunter-gatherer with dark skin and blue eye colour," Lalueza-Fox said. Details of the study are published in the journal,Nature.

The Spanish team went on to compare the genome of the hunter-gatherer to those of modern Europeans from different regions to see how they might be related. They found that the ancient DNA most closely matched the genetic makeup of people living in northern Europe, in particular Sweden and Finland.

The discovery of mutations that bolstered the immune system against bacteria and viruses suggests that the shift to a farming culture in Neolithic times did not drive all of the changes in immunity genes that Europeans carry today. At least some of those genetic changes have a history that stretches further back. "One thing we don't know is what sort of pathogens were affecting these people," said Lalueza-Fox.

Martin Jones, professor of archaeological science at Cambridge University, said the immunity genes were the most striking result. "There is a no doubt oversimplified grand narrative that the move from a hunter-gatherer lifestyle to settled farming was initially bad for our health. A number of factors contributed, particularly living closely together with other humans and animals, shrinking the food web, and crowding-out water supplies. The authors are drawing attention to the role of pathogens in pre-agricultural lives, and that is interesting."

Then about 6,000 years ago, the inevitable happened--civilization fell apart. What caused the breakup of civilization six thousand years ago? Some historians had speculated that a natural disaster, such as an earthquake or some similar event took place, but they were unable to find any evidence to support their claims. Besides, all of the clues pointed in the direction of an event quite different from that of an earthquake - a condition that grew over an extended period of time. The picture is on of communities in turmoil, of societies collapsing and falling apart from within; of chaos, dissatisfaction and unrest.

The most accurate summation would be to say that the people just began fighting and killing one another - this is the best way to describe what was happening in the Near East 6,000 years ago.Soon after the unsettling of civilization, another interesting change began to take place. This change occurred in the area of the Caucasus Mountains. There, in West Asia, a previously unknown group of people suddenly appeared as if from out nowhere. Collectively they are known as the Indo-Europeans, Caucasians or white people. The facts show that they first entered the area around 6,000 years ago. 2,000 years later their invasions would bring them into contact with the civilized nations to the south. Because they had no fixed homes and wandered about from place to place, historians usually describe their way of life as 'nomadic'.

Elijah Muhammad says that 6,000 years ago a new race of people showed up in the region of the Near East. The new race, Muhammad says were white people. He says that the whites first appeared 6,000 years ago on the Island of Pelan, in the Aegean Sea, where they had been by the process of selective breeding called. According to Muhammad, it was black people, living on the Island if Pelan who gave birth to the whites.

The most popularly known traditional account which shares similarities with the teachings of Elijah Muhammad is the Bible's story of Adam and Eve. According to the Old Testament, Adam was made 6,000 years ago. (This date is arrived at by adding together the ages of all of Patriarchs from Adam to Abraham as they appear in the 5th and 11th chapters of the book of Genesis.) Accordingly, the time of Adam's creation corresponds with the time which Muhammad says white people first appeared on the planet. Elijah Muhammad explains that the Bible's account of Adam and Eve is in actuality a narrative of early history of the Caucasian race. A review of the traditions of the making of Man as they exist around the world shows a surprising number of them to be in full agreement with Muhammad - they relate that Adam and Eve had white complexions. Some depict the new man-made as starting out with a darker complexion, then later being transformed to white.

One such account has been handed down in the traditions of the Maidu Indians. Similar tradition, from India explain that the first Caucasians were made when a group of dark-skinned people gave birth to light complexioned babies who in turn gave birth to a nation of albinos from whom other whites were born. L.Bolk wrote in Origin of Racial Characteristics in Man White skin...started from an ancestor with a black skin, in whose offspring hair and iris color were suppressed more and more. Charles Darwin, he too expressed the opinion that selection over the course of many generations, had to have been used in bringing about what he called the characteristic differences between the races of man He even went on to concluded that without some form of selective breeding, such racial differences simply cannot be accounted for in a satisfactory manner.

James Cowles Richard, concluded that the physical differences between the races of Man could only have resulted from a method comparable to the process of artificial selection carried on by plant and animal breeders. This too is consistent with the words of Elijah Muhammad. Dr Edwin Grant Conklin The Evolution of Man wrote: It is evident that distinct races could not have been established and perpetuated except by the aid of isolation, chiefly geographical. Dr. Ramm who admitted: By scientific breeding we can shuffle these genes with their characteristics and breed traits in or breed them out...The laws of heredity plus principles of separation or selection operating over a period of time will produce the various races of the world.

Another ancient traditional account that shares similarities with the teachings of Muhammad is the biblical account of Jacob's grafted flock. Genesis 30:35 says that Jacob (english translation of the name Yakub) was able to produce unusually colored flocks of sheep and goat through the use of a skillful breeding technique. According to the bible it took Jacob six years to successfully change the color of the flock (Genesis 31:41). That Bible's story of Jacob's grafted flock is related to the birth of white people from Black parents is attested to by the ancient book of Jewish traditions called the Midrash Rabbah.A more thorough understanding of the history of Azazel can be had by examining the The Book of Enoch which for 500 years was accepted as part of the Bible. This book along with the Book of Adam and Eve and many more book which was removed from the Bible can be found in THE LOST BOOKS OF THE BIBLE and THE FORGOTTEN BOOKS OF EDEN(ISBN0-452-00944-8).

In the 14th century, Tomas Scoto, a spanish monk wrote a book, 'Collyrium Contra Haereses', published in 1344, said:

"There were men before Adam and Adam was made by those men."

It must also be noted that he was executed for displaying such truth to the people.

If you read the Holy Qu'ran 2:28, it talks about the Angelz warning that the arrival of Adam would only "cause mischief and cause the shedding of blood."

Finish all of the Independence Dates on the Holidays for the Revolutionary Secular Humanists.