The Dark and Bloody Genesis of Kentucky, Volume 1: Chapter 1

In the Beginning, there was something. Or perhaps there was nothing, since you can't actually get something from nothing. How can one make a cake without any ingredients, let alone, an entire Universe? That doesn't sound right. Stuff has probably always had to exist. Shit's always been here. Albeit, not the same shit, but shit nonetheless. A long time ago, in lands oceans away, there was no electricity, no iPods, no computers, no video games, no tobacco setters, no running water, no schools, no radios, no automobiles, no tools, no televisions, no technology whatsoever, and certainly no god. Stardust gathered around, and then exploded, and then all matter and life is created. Now, we're all here today, dancing stardust, with consciousness, in this thing together, whatever it's called, to survive and thrive, to care for each other, to love, to cherish, to hold, and to liberate, by any means necessary.

5,000,000,000 years BP (Before Present). The Birth of the Sun. The sun forms within a cloud of gas in a spiral arm of the Milky Way Galaxy. A vast disk of gas and debris that swirls around this new star gives birth to planets, moons, and asteroids . Earth is the third planet out.

3,800,000,000 years BP. The Earth has cooled and an atmosphere develops. Microscopic living cells, but neither plants nor animals, begin to evolve and flourish in earth's many volcanic environments.

700,000,000 years BP. Primitive Animals Appear. These are mostly flatworms, jelly fish, and algae. By 570 million years before the present, large numbers of creatures with hard shells suddenly appear.

“Due to the ongoing violence however, by 1776 there were fewer than 200 settlers in Kentucky.”

300,000,000 BCE. Brachiopod fossils are plentiful in Kentucky's subsurface, since this land mass was completely submerged under water during this time period.KENTUCKY!

200,000,000 years BP. The First Mammals Appear. The first mammals evolved from a class of reptiles that evolved mammalian traits, such as a segmented jaw and a series of bones that make up the inner ear.

65,000,000 years BP. Dinosaurs Become Extinct. An asteroid or comet slams into the northern part of the Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico (where the Mayans will eventually settle and establish themselves, and predict the end of the world in 2012). This world-wide cataclysm brings to an end the long age of the dinosaurs, and allows mammals to diversify and expand their ranges.

4 million years ago (BP). First apes to walk on two legs-Australopithecus. (Chris Harman: 2008).

1.5 million – 0.5 million years ago. Clearly human species, Homo erectus, tools of stone, wood and bone. Early 'old Stone Age'.

600,000 years BP. Homo Sapiens Evolve. Our earliest ancestors evolve in Africa from a line of creatures that descended from apes.

“There's a tribe in Africa that has a very beautiful custom. When one of the members makes a mistake, the entire tribe surrounds him/her and for two days, they speak of the great things that member has done. It is their belief that humans are good at heart and that we all seek security, love, peace and happiness. However, in this pursuit, we sometimes make mistakes and when that happens, the tribe unites to reconnect that member with his/her real nature. This tribe's greeting is SAWUBONA, or I value you, I respect you, you are important to me. And the reply is SIKHONA or so I exist for you.”

400,000–30,000 years ago. Neanderthal humans in Europe and Middle East—signs of culture and probable use of language. (Harman, 2008).

170,000 years BP. Supernova 1987A Explodes. A star explodes in a dwarf galaxy known as the Large Magellanic Cloud that lies just beyond the Milky Way. The star, known in modern times as Sanduleak 69-202, is a blue supergiant 25 times more massive than the Sun. Such explosions distribute all the common elements such as Oxygen, Carbon, Nitrogen, Calcium and Iron into interstellar space where they enrich clouds of Hydrogen and Helium that are about to form new stars. They also create the heavier elements (such as gold, silver, lead, and uranium) and distribute these as well. Their remnants generate the cosmic rays which lead to mutation and evolution in living cells. These supernovae, then, are key to the evolution of the Universe and to life itself.

150,000 years ago. First 'modern humans' (Homo sapiens sapiens), probably orginated in Africa. Live by foraging (in small nomadic groups without classes, states or sexual oppression). Middle “old Stone age”.

50,000 years ago. A band of African humans break out of African, and they split into two groups: 1 head East towards China, and the other, West towards Europe. http://www.migrationheritage.nsw.gov.au/exhibition/objectsthroughtime-history/50000-years-before-present/ The Ginger Gene also developed 50,000 years ago. http://metro.co.uk/2013/09/19/ginger-gene-developed-when-humans-left-africa-50000-years-ago-4057215/ The mutation that caused the ‘ginger gene’, known as V60L allele, occurred 50,000 years ago. It lightened the skin and allowed people to get more vitamin D from weaker sunlight. However, it increased their vulnerability to melanomas – the deadliest form of skin cancer. The mutation remains common across Europe, even in those with no outward signs. Because it is recessive, the gene needs to be carried by both parents for it to cause ‘rufosity’ in a child.

30,000 years ago. Modern humans arrives in Europe. Neanderthals are genocided.

14,000 year ago. Amerika is settled by modern humans. (Harman) 12,000 BCE or 14,014 years BP. Human beings first wander into Kentucky. The Paleo-Indian period begins (12,000-7500 B.C.), but from Siberia, over Bering Straights, into Alaska? Or boats from mainland Asia, and landing in South Amerika? Mastodons, only the North American variety had a coat of hair, which is one of the reasons it's so often confused with the Woolly Mammoth. European and Asian mastodons died out millions of years ago, during the Pleistocene epoch, but Mammut americanum persisted well into the Ice Age (around 10,000 B.C.), when it was hunted to death by early human settlers, who coveted its meat, its fur, and its five-foot-long horns—which doubtlessly were employed as ornaments or ground up into “magical” powders. The recovery of soft tissues, with near-intact DNA, may yet enable the Mastodon to be “resurrected” under the controversial scientific program known as de-extinction. No remains of Mastodons in South America have been found. Went extinct about 11,000 years ago, during the last Ice Age. No one knows for sure what precipitated their demise, though it was likely a combination of climate change, increased competition for their accustomed food sources, and (possibly) hunting by early human settlers, who knew that a single Mastodon could feed an entire tribe for a week! “Big Bone Lick: The radiocarbon evidence indicates that mastodons and Clovis people overlapped in time; however, other than one fossil with a possible cut mark and Clovis artifacts that are physically associated with but dispersed within the bone-bearing deposits, there is no incontrovertible evidence that humans hunted Mammut americanum at the site.” 14,000 BP. Paleo-Indians lived in the American Midwest, including Kentucky, even though no skeletal remains of Paleo-Indians have ever been found in Kentucky. Paleo-Indians were hunter-gatherer Kentucky-Indians who hunted a wide range of animals, including the MEGAFAUNA megafauna, which became extinct following the end of the Pleistocene age. Scholars believe that Paleo-Indians were specialized, highly mobile foragers who hunted late Pleistocene fauna such as BISON, MASTODONS, CARIBOU, and MAMMATHS. 12,000 BC. Paleo-Indian Era (Stone Age culture) the earliest human inhabitants of America who lived in caves and were Nomadic hunters of large game including the Great Mammoth and giant bison.KENTUCKY!

10,500BC-8,000BC. The first Native Americans appeared in Kentucky around 10,500 B.C. They were hunters and gatherers and lived in small nomadic groups. These Indians hunted large game and gathered seeds and other plant food for survival. This era lasted until 8,000 B.C. when the Archaic Period began.

8,000BC-1,000BC. During the Archaic Period, the Indians continued to hunt, but gathering became more important. Toward the end of this period the Archaic tribes began cultivating squash and started trading with other tribes. The Archaic era lasted until 1000 B.C. when the Woodland culture emerged.

10,000 years ago. First agricultural revolution; Domestication of plants and animals. Neolithic ('new Stone Age'). More advanced tools, use of pottery. Spread of village-living. First systematic war between groups. Still no division into classes or states. (Harman, 2008).

8,000BC. Cherokee Indians live in Kentucky's Appalachian mountains. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1JgFMoZPfAc

7,500 BC. Kentucky’s Indian culture changed. Large game animals died out, and the Archaic Indians (7500-1500 B.C.) now depended on fishing and efficient gathering of wild foods as well as hunting and in which people built basic shelters, and made stone weapons and stone tools, begins. The white-tailed deer and the elk became the dominant game animals.

7,000 years ago. Plow begins to be used in Eurasia and Africa. Agriculture reaches NW Europe. 'Chieftainships' among some groups, but no classes or states. (Chris Harmon, 2008).

3,102, February 17/18 BCE. Krishna dies. “He alone sees truly, who sees the Lord the same in every creature... seeing the same Lord everywhere, he does not harm himself or others.”

“The Desbassyns brothers rose to success as Guadalupe's foremost sugar barons.”

3000-1000BC. The Indian Knoll Archaeological Dig (Green River, Kentucky). Late Archaic Period. (3000-1000 B.C.) The Indian Knoll site is shaped like an ellipse and stretches approximately 450 feet long and 220 feet wide (approximately 2.5 acres). Indian Knoll is classified by archaeologists as a shell midden, meaning that the site is full of shell refuse. This shell, which was collected from the Green River, was discarded by Late Archaic (3,000-1,000 B.C.) hunter-gatherers who repeatedly revisited the site. In some places, the shell deposits reach over eight feet (2.4 meters) in depth. There is no evidence to suggest that Late Archaic people moved large amounts of earth and shell to create the Indian Knoll midden. Rather it represents the repeated discarding of shell, animal bone, plant foods, wood, and artifacts. Archaeological analysis on the Indian Knoll skeletons indicate that, on the whole, the Archaic hunter-gatherers of the Green River Valley were relatively healthy. Most adult teeth contained little or no enamel as a result of eating food that contains significant quantities of grit. This suggests that the residents of Indian Knoll ate plant remains, such as hickory nuts, that were processed using the many mortars and pestles found at the site. Use of these tools created substantial amounts of grit in the food they ate, which over many years led to the removal of the enamel. Mussels were an important part of the Late Archaic diet at Indian Knoll. Five thousand years ago, many different kinds of freshwater mussels lived in the shallow shoals and riffle areas of the Green River.

The YUCHI lived on GREEN River. The Green River is a 384-mile-long (618km) tributary of the Ohio River that rises in Lincoln County in south-central Kentucky. Tributaries of the Green River include the Barren River, the Nolin River, the Pond River and the Rough River. A river rising in central Kentucky and flowing about 595 km (370 mi) generally northwest to the Ohio River near Evansville, Indiana. The river was named after Nathanael Greene, a general of the Native American Land Thieving George Washington-British War. There is still one Native American tribe living on the Green River: the Southern Cherokee Nation of Kentucky. In 1893 Governor John Y. Brown (1835–1904) recognized the Southern Cherokee Nation as an Indian tribe. The Green River is home to more than 150 fish species and more than 70 mussel species.This includes some of Kentucky's largest fish, and some of the world's rarest species of mussels. In 1971, the Green River was mentioned in the song “Paradise” by John Prine. Mussels were a good, predictable, protein-rich source of food. They were abundant, easily gathered, and simple to prepare. Unlike many other foods, they could have harvested mussels in any season. Mussels also were a storable and portable food, once separated from their shells, and then smoked or dried. Ethnographic studies of modern shellfishers in other areas of the world suggest that men, women, and children all participated in shellfishing activities. Women and children would collect the shellfish in shallow waters at the river’s edge, while men would often dive for shellfish in deeper waters. One piece of evidence about this gendered division of labor is found on the skeletons from Indian Knoll. Male skeletons frequently have a bony growth on their ear bones that only develops from repeated exposure to cold water, suggesting that the men dove into deep areas to retrieve shellfish at the bottom of the river. The gathered shellfish were prepared in several different ways including steaming, roasting, and smoking to preserve the mussels for eating at a later time. Shellfish were probably also eaten raw right after collection. The leftover shells were sometimes used for creating pendants, cups, and beads, but more often the shells were piled into large trash piles (middens) that later became important archaeological sites, such as Indian Knoll. One of the most interesting archaeological finds at Indian Knoll was 23 dog burials. Archaic dogs were medium-sized and stood about 14-18 inches tall at the shoulder. Archaeologists think they may have been long-haired and may have looked a little like their cousin, the wolf. Some of the dogs were buried in their own isolated graves, while other dogs were buried in graves with humans. Some dogs were buried with adults, while others were buried with children. Analysis on the dog bones indicates that the dogs ate a similar diet to humans, but we do not know if the humans fed the dogs or if the dogs scavenged scraps. We will probably never know everything about this prehistoric relationship between humans and dogs, but the archaeological evidence shows that dogs had a special place in the lives of Archaic people. They did not treat any other animal the way they treated dogs. They may have thought of dogs as just trainable beasts of burden that made hunting and movement from camp to camp easier. Or, they could have been pets, companions, and protectors. Apparently, even 5,000 years ago, dogs were “a man’s best friend.

1,500 BCE. The People of the Woodland culture (1500 B.C.-900 A.D.) entered (or evolved in) Kentucky. They occupied the area for about 600 years. Efficient hunters and gatherers, the Woodland Indians also participated in an intricate trade network to obtain such things as copper from Lake Superior, obsidian from the Rocky Mountains, and conch shells from the Gulf of Mexico. They mined both Mammoth Cave and Salts Cave for gypsum and mirabilite, a salty seasoning. The Woodland people cultivated corn, sunflowers, giant ragweeds, and amaranth (pigweed), and they raised squash and gourds for containers rather than as a food source. The Woodland Indians buried their dead in conical and later flat or oval-shaped burial mounds, which were often 10 to 20 feet high (like Serpent Mound); this practice resulted in their being called the Mound Builders by 19th-century observers. The remains of two distinct Woodland groups, the Adena (early Woodland) and the Hopewell (middle Woodland), have been found in northcentral Kentucky.

1000BCE – 1650 CE. There was a continuous human presence in the area that became Louisville from at least 1,000 BCE until roughly 1650 CE, and the Beaver Wars which depopulated much of the region. Archaeologists have identified several late and one early Archaic sites in Jefferson County's wetlands. One of the most extensive finds was at McNeeley Lake Cave; many others were found around the Louisville International Airport area. People of the Adena culture and the Hopewell tradition that followed it lived in the area, with hunting villages along Mill Creek and a large village near what became Zorn Avenue, on bluffs overlooking the Ohio River. Archaeologists have found 30 Jefferson County sites associated with the Fort Ancient and Mississippian cultures, which were active from 1,000 AD until about 1650. The Louisville area was on the eastern border of the Mississippian culture, in which regional chiefdoms built villages and cities with extensive earthwork mounds. When European and English explorers and settlers began entering Kentucky in the mid-18th century, there were no permanent Native American settlements in the region. The country was used as hunting grounds by Shawnees from the north and Cherokees from the south.

563 BCE or 480 BCE. Buddha is born in Lumbini in present-day Nepal. “Do not dwell in the past, do not dream of the future, concentrate the mind on the present moment.” “To keep the body in good health is a duty... otherwise we shall not be able to keep our mind strong and clear.”

551 BC. Confucius (551-479) is born. “Life is simple.” “Choose a job you love, and you will never have to work a day in your life.” “Our greatest glory is not in never falling, but in rising every time we fall.” “Everything has beauty.”

400 BCE-600 CE. QUETZALCOATL Quetzalcoatl. /ˌkɛtsɑːlˈkoʊɑːtəl/ (Classical Nahuatl: Quetzalcohuātl [ketsaɬˈko.aːtɬ]) is a Mesoamerican deity whose name comes from the Nahuatl language and means "feathered serpent". The worship of a feathered serpent is first documented in Teotihuacan in the first century BCE or first century CE. That period lies within the Late Preclassic to Early Classic period (400 BCE – 600 CE) of Mesoamerican chronology, and veneration of the figure appears to have spread throughout Mesoamerica by the Late Classic (600–900 AD).

399BC. Socrates dies. (/ˈsɒkrətiːz/; Greek: Σωκράτης Sōkrátēs [sɔːkrátɛːs]; 470/469 BC – 399 BC) was a classical Greek (Athenian) philosopher, credited as the Founders of Western Philosophy. The heart to wisdom is to admit your ignorance. We will always know less than everything, and we can always learn new things. He who acts like he knows it all, is a pompous asshole, who only seeks to oppress you.

321 BCE. The Serpent Mound in Ohio is formed. The Serpent Mound is how the Adena culture buried their dead, near Peeples, Ohio. The Fort Ancient Culture is neither a fort, nor is it ancient, nor a culture. http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2014/08/07/rethinking-ohios-history-serpent-mound-older-some-its-dirt-156268

300 BCE. Euclid. (/ˈjuːklɪd/; Greek: Εὐκλείδης Eukleidēs; fl. 300 BC), also known as Euclid of Alexandria, was a Greek mathematician, often referred to as the “Father of Geometry”. He was active in Alexandria during the reign of Ptolemy I (323–283 BC). His Elements is one of the most influential works in the history of mathematics, serving as the main textbook for teaching mathematics (especially geometry) from the time of its publication until the late 19th or early 20th century. In the Elements, Euclid deduced the principles of what is now called Euclidean geometry from a small set of axioms. Euclid also wrote works on perspective, conic sections,spherical geometry, number theory and rigor. “Euclid” is the anglicized version of the Greek name Εὐκλείδης, meaning “Good Glory”.

300 BCE. Guadeloupe was first settled by Arawak Indians from Venezuela about 300 B.C.E., who fished and developed agriculture on the island. Carib Indians, also from Venezuela, pushed out most of the Arawak in the eighth century. They also subsisted on agriculture and fishing. The Caribs renamed the island “Karukera” or the “Island of beautiful waters.” Guadeloupe is where Columbus first found the Pineapple (1493).

287 BCE. The Birth of Archimedes of Syracuse (Greek: Ἀρχιμήδης; c. 287 BC– c. 212 BC) was an Ancient Greek mathematician, physicist, engineer, inventor, and astronomer. Although few details of his life are known, he is regarded as one of the leading scientists in classical antiquity.

200 BCE - 500 CE. Modern Chillicothe was the center of the ancient Hopewell tradition, which flourished from 200 BCE until 500 CE. This Amerindian culture had trade routes extending to the Rocky Mountains. They built earthen mounds for ceremonial and burial purposes throughout the Scioto and Ohio River valleys. Later Native Americans who inhabited the area through the time of European contact included Shawnees. Present-day Chillicothe is the most recent of seven locations in Ohio that bore the name, because it was applied to the main town wherever the Chalakatha settled. CHALAKATHA!

100 BCE - 500 CE. “Fort Ancient culture” developed independently and was descended from the Hopewell culture (100 BCE—500 CE), also a mound builder people. The group of cultures collectively called Mound Builders were succeeding precontact societies in North America who constructed various styles of complex, massive earthworks: earthen mounds for burial, elite residential, and ceremonial purposes. These included the Pre-Columbian cultures of the Archaic period, Woodland period (Adena, Hopewell, Fort Ancient culture, and the Mississippian cultures. They emerged as cultures from roughly 3000 BCE to the 16th century CE, and lived in regions of the Great Lakes, the Ohio River valley, and the Mississippi River valley and its tributaries, extending into the Southeast of the present-day United States.

0. [note: supposedly the Roman Prefect Pontius Pilate “killed” “Jesus Christ” in Year 0, which is what our yearly calendar system is based upon, although no evidence backs the theory that a man named “Jesus Christ” even ever existed. Jesus is Santa Claus for Adults. The scholarship is sorely lacking.]

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